Xinchang tune

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Xinchang tune

Applicant: Xinchang County, Zhejiang Province

Item No.: 152

Project No.: Ⅳ - 8

Time of publication: 2006 (the first batch)

Category: Traditional Drama

Region: Zhejiang Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Xinchang County, Zhejiang Province

Protection unit: Xinchang County tune protection, inheritance and Development Center

Xinchang tune introduction:

Applicant: Xinchang County, Zhejiang Province

Xinchang tune is one of the ancient opera tunes, also known as Diao tune, Shaoxing high tune and Xinchang high tune. Centering on Xinchang, it is widely distributed in Shaoxing, Xiaoshan, Shangyu, Yuyao, Shengxian and Ninghai in eastern Zhejiang. It is considered to be the only remaining sound of Yao tune, one of the four tunes of Nanxi in Ming Dynasty. In the early Qing Dynasty, Xinchang tune entered its heyday and spread around Hangzhou.

The repertoire of tunes in Xinchang is rich, which not only originates from Mulian opera, Nanxi opera, Yuan zaju opera, Ming and Qing legends, but also includes modern historical story plays and modern dramas. In the art archives of tune tune, there are 159 kinds of ancient drama transcripts preserved before the late Qing Dynasty. Among them, Peking chamber, autumn of Han Palace and makeup box, which belong to Yuan zaju, are unique and precious to tune tune tune. Xinchang tune opera company is the only art group in China that can perform "North West Chamber", and its performance "autumn of Han Palace" can keep the original appearance of Yuan opera. Diao Qiang Mu Lian Opera plays an important role in the system of Mu Lian opera in China. Among the 167 Diao Qiang Mu Lian operas, 72 are not available in other operas.

In tune singing, there are some ways, such as dry singing, help singing, folding board, etc. often use one word or number help singing at the end of each sentence, or repeat a few words at the end of the sentence with different melody in a late beat; help singing is pure vocal, and the melody of each sentence tends to decline gradually. The tunes were not accompanied by orchestral accompaniment, but only by percussion music. Later, influenced by Kunqu Opera and Luantan, they were accompanied by flute and Banhu in a few zaizi operas. The composition of the tune accompaniment band is very simple, only composed of six people, responsible for the performance of drums, gongs, etc. The role of tune tune is called "Sanhua, Sibai and wudantang". Sanhua is dahualian, Erhualian and Xiaohualian. Sibai is Laosheng, Zhengsheng, Fumo and Xiaosheng. Wudantang is laodan, Zhengdan, Tiedan, Xiaodan and wudantang. His performance is famous for exquisite, such as holding chair, holding candle and kicking boots.

Xinchang is located in the mountain area of eastern Zhejiang Province, and its environment is relatively closed, so the tune tune can be preserved in this corner. It is of great significance for the study of ancient opera and music to find the legacy of "Ta Ge" in Tang Dynasty and "Zhuanta" in Song Dynasty. Tune has deeply influenced the surrounding operas. Ninghai pingdiao is a branch of it. Yueju Opera, Taizhou Luantan opera, Ruian Gaoqiang opera, Shaoxing opera and other local operas also get some nourishment from its repertoire, tune and performance.

The frequent wars in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, coupled with the rise of new drama, led to the decline of Xinchang tune. At present, the tune tune opera is affected by the social changes, and is in an endangered state. The troupe lacks funds, the Performing Arts personnel are out of the blue, and the fault is serious. Only when we take effective measures in time can we ensure that the opera will continue to survive.