hunan embroidery

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Xiang embroidery

Applicant: Changsha City, Hunan Province

Item No.: 318

Project No.: Ⅶ - 19

Time of publication: 2006 (the first batch)

Category: traditional art

Region: Hunan Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Changsha City, Hunan Province

Protection unit: Changsha Mass Art Museum

Introduction to Xiang embroidery

Applicant: Changsha City, Hunan Province

The traditional production areas of Xiang embroidery are mainly distributed in Changsha City and dozens of towns in Changsha County, Wangcheng County and Kaifu District. After liberation, on the basis of the original embroidery factory, state-owned Hongxing Xiang embroidery factory, Hunan Xiang embroidery factory, Changsha Xiang embroidery General Factory (reformed), Changsha Xiang embroidery factory (bankrupt) and Wangcheng Xiang embroidery factory (bankrupt) were established, with nearly 100000 employees in their heyday. In 1979, Hunan factory was changed into Hunan Embroidery Research Institute. In 1998, Hunan Provincial People's government allocated 7.8 million yuan to establish Hunan embroidery Museum. Changsha shaping Xiang embroidery factory (private) was established in 1986, and Hunan Xingsha Xiang Embroidery City was built by Sino foreign joint venture in 2003.

Hunan embroidery has been regarded as one of the four famous embroidery in China for nearly a hundred years. In 1972, a large number of pieces of embroidery unearthed from the Han Dynasty tomb No.1 in Mawangdui, Changsha, such as "deep brown diamond pattern Xinqi embroidery" and "yellow silk ground longevity pattern embroidery" prove that Hunan embroidery has a history of more than 2000 years. Xiang embroidery formed a unique style of embroidery system in the late Qing Dynasty. In the late Qing Dynasty, Hunan embroidery artist Li Yihui (1854-1928) pioneered the method of needle blending embroidery; Hu Lianxian opened the first Hunan embroidery "Wu Caixia embroidery village" in Shimen, Changsha in 1898, and the method of needle blending embroidery was promoted through Hu Lianxian's missionary apprentices. The method of needle mixed embroidery can show the shade of the object, the gradual change of the color scale and the mixing of the colors, and then combined with the extremely fine silk splitting technology, so that the spirit of literati painting can be fully displayed. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, Liu Jiahui, a Hunan embroidery artist, embroidered the portrait of Wu Peifu's mother (now stored in Shanghai Museum); in the feng'an ceremony, the coffin cover of Dr. Sun Yat Sen's coffin (now stored in Taipei Palace Museum); in 1933, the embroidery portrait of President Roosevelt (now stored in the Little White House Museum of Atlanta), which was embroidered in Changsha jinhuali embroidery house, was published in Chicago The exhibition at the fair caused a sensation and made Xiang embroidery famous abroad. During this period, Xiang embroidery skills have reached a considerable height. After liberation, Yu Zhenhui (1913-1984), a famous veteran artist of Xiang embroidery, invented and improved the method of hair needle, which made the lion and tiger in Xiang embroidery vivid and became the unique famous needle method among the four famous embroideries in China. Through the inheritance and development of several generations of artists, Xiang embroidery has formed a complete needling system of 5 categories and 72 kinds, which has laid a good foundation for the perfect performance of literati paintings and modern photography. The double-sided totally different embroidery makes the form of expression and skill level of Xiang embroidery reach an amazing height. Chinese people are known as "super embroidery" and foreign friends as "magic art".

Since the reform and opening up, the State Council has successively awarded five masters of Xiangxiu Chinese arts and crafts: Li Kaiyun, Yang Yingxiu, Huang Cuifeng, Liu Aiyun and Zhou Jinxiu. Xiang embroidered lion, tiger and other works are now collected in China Arts and Crafts Museum, becoming a national treasure. Hunan embroidery artists have been assigned by the state for many times to perform abroad, and a large number of Hunan embroidery works have been presented as national gifts to international airports and friends, spreading Chinese culture and enhancing international friendship, In October 2005, among the "four famous embroidery exhibitions in China" held by mu'an, Jiangsu Province, only Xiang embroidery "longevity bird" (made by Xiang Embroidery City in Xingsha, Hunan Province) won the first prize; in November 2005, China Arts and Crafts Association held the "China Arts and Crafts Master works and boutique Exhibition" in Hangzhou ”Among them, Xiang embroidery "Annam embroidery statue" (Changsha embroidery garden embroidery) won the only gold medal in embroidery category.

In recent years, due to the impact of foreign culture, the rapid development of market economy and the transfer of a large number of rural labor force, there is a lack of inheritors of traditional Xiang embroidery originated from folk handicrafts, and some excellent handicrafts tend to be lost. In order to protect and develop the traditional Xiang embroidery skills, Changsha Municipal People's government is actively taking effective and pragmatic measures to gradually increase the protection, so as to improve the quality of traditional Xiang embroidery Hunan embroidery brand created by Hunan people for thousands of years has been inherited and developed.