Northeast drum

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Northeast Dagu

Applicant: Wafangdian City, Liaoning Province

Item No.: 242

Project No.: V - 6

Time of publication: 2008 (second batch)

Category: quyi

Region: Liaoning Province

Type: Extension Project

Applicant: Wafangdian City, Liaoning Province

Protection unit: Wafangdian Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Center

Introduction to northeast Dagu

Applicant: Wafangdian City, Liaoning Province

Northeast Dagu is a kind of local quyi, Gushu and Guqu, which is mainly popular in the three provinces of Northeast China. In history, it has been named "Fengtian Dagu" and "Liaoning Dagu". At first, it was performed by one performer and accompanied by a small Sanxian. Later, it developed into a person who beat a drum and a simple board by himself and sang in the northeast dialect. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Northeast drum formed many different art schools in the process of spreading, such as "fengdiao", "dongchengdiao", "Jiangbei school", "nanchengdiao" and "xichengdiao". The singing style and traditional repertoire of each school are unique.

Fuzhou Dongbei Dagu has a history of 300 years in Wafangdian area. Famous artists include Yong'an, Zhao Wenyi, Nie Tiansheng, Lin Zhengxin, song Yuxi, Chen Shixin, etc.

Xiuyan northeast Dagu has a history of nearly 150 years, and its bibliography is mainly long. It uses four big mouth, clear board, flowing water and other board singing, enriches the drum singing, and enhances the artistic means of portraying characters. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, Xiuyan Dongbei Dagu formed three major factions with Ma Delian, Cui Guanglie and Tang Guozhi as the core. They competed with each other and were good at winning.

The Northeast drum of Xicheng school takes Jinzhou as the center, and its performance mainly has two styles, represented by song xiuren and Chen Zhongshan. Song's master and apprentice are elegant and emotional, singing and sighing, and are good at expressing the feeling of parting between men and women; Chen's father and daughter's "new Xicheng" school is handsome, beautiful, witty and humorous, flexible in singing and speaking, and crisp in burden, which is suitable for singing many levels of books and songs. In addition to Zidishu, the Three Kingdoms section and some long and medium length traditional bibliographies, the Northeast Dagu of Xicheng school also has exclusive bibliographies such as Huilong Zhuan, Huibei Ji, five Yi of Daming (Song school), Xue Dingshan and fan Lihua, Cao Jiajiang, and romance of Sui and Tang Dynasties (Chen school).

The Northeast drum of Yushu "Dongcheng school" has been handed down for more than 200 years in Five Dynasties. Its bibliography and repertoire are very rich, there are a variety of long, medium and short stories, according to the content can be divided into robes, short play, Gongan, Zhiguai and other categories. There are also many kinds of big drum tunes, and there are more than 20 commonly used ones.

Wuchang northeast drum belongs to "Jiangnan school" of the northern school. It combines many elements of the local Manchu music, and absorbs a large number of ancient tunes sung in the Manchu shaman ceremony. It has graceful singing, ups and downs, clear enunciation, real and moving, and strong lyricism. Its representative works are "memory of the real princess", "Daiyu Beiqiu", "Lu Lei Yuan" and so on.

The Northeast drum plays an important role in the cultural life of the people in the popular areas. The repertoire and music of the Northeast drum have a great influence on other local arts, which has a high reference value in the study of northeast local folk customs and historical culture. At present, there are fewer and fewer people singing the Northeast drum. The old artists have passed away one after another, and most of them have transferred to other industries. The survival of the whole northeast drum is nearly endangered, which needs to be protected and inherited.