Tanhuang (Shaoxing tanhuang)

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: tanhuang (Shaoxing tanhuang)

Applicant: Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province

Item No.: 254

Project No.: V - 18

Time of publication: 2008 (second batch)

Category: quyi

Region: Zhejiang Province

Type: Extension Project

Applicant: Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province

Protection units: Shaoxing cultural center, Shaoxing Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Center

Brief introduction of tanhuang (Shaoxing tanhuang)

Applicant: Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province

Tanhuang was born in Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty and has a history of more than 200 years. It is mainly spread in Hangzhou and surrounding Shaoxing, Jiaxing, Huzhou and other places. Hangzhou tanhuang, also known as Ankang, is popular in Hangzhou, while Shaoxing tanhuang, also known as Shaoxing Yingge opera, is popular in Shaoxing.

When performing, tanhuang often takes five people as a group, playing and singing by himself. He plays huqin, pipa, Sanxian, drums and banquets. There are also 7 to 11 people in a class. With the increase of singers, Zheng, Sheng, Xiao, flute, dulcimer and other musical instruments can be added to the class. Before his singing, tanhuang performed his Concertos such as Sihe Ruyi, Erliu and Xingjie, which is called "harmony". When singing formally, first sing the opening, then sing the book. The sentence pattern of tanhuang's libretto is neat, the diction is elegant, and the rhyme and rhyme are emphasized. Its singing style includes three types: basic tune, Qupai and folk ditty. The basic tune is the main tune sung by "hangtan", which can be divided into men's and women's palaces. The board used includes flat, Allegro and flowing water board. The main tunes are dianjianglip, duanzhenghao, fengrushong and jisanjiao. The folk ditty includes Sixi tune, Caicha tune, Yangliuqing, etc《 You hun Diao, etc. There are no percussion instruments in tanhuang, and the accompaniment instruments are mainly drum, plate and string instruments.

Tanhuang's traditional repertoire has 120 fold (paragraph), divided into "front stall" and "back stall". Except for clowns, the characters in "Qiantan" use Zhongzhou rhyme in their dialogues. The lyrics are mainly composed of seven character sentences, and "luodiao" does not use "Feng nods" from top to bottom. Its repertoire is mostly transplanted from Kunqu Opera, such as "chanzi", "Songzi", "Chui", "Huili" in "the story of the white rabbit". Compared with the original Kunqu Opera, its words are more popular, but it is still a more elegant written language. Words and sentences pay attention to the "25" and "4-3" tonal meter, in addition to the end of the two verses require tonal down flat, but also requires "1-3-5 regardless, 2-4-6 clear.". "Qiantan" pays attention to "make the mouth strong, accurate four tones, true pronunciation, light drawl, accurate intonation, heavy emotion" in singing method, and "penetration, stealing, evil spirit, blowing, closing, closing" in breath application. In contrast, "Houtan" seems to be more market-oriented, and its repertoire is a single life story, such as "selling grass hoard", "Danghu boat", "opera in the mill", "meeting in the Cao'an" and "blind man catching the traitor". The lyrics are sung in dialect, and the basic tone is seven characters, and the upper and lower sentences are still "Five" and "four three" sentence patterns. When clowns sing Allegro and WaterBoard, they often use the "up, down and down" style lyrics. Different from Qiantan, Houtan uses the dialect of Hangzhou and Shaoxing.

In the process of spreading, tanhuang music was absorbed by Hangzhou opera and Shaoxing opera, and some of its Qupai and basic singing are still inherited, showing a high artistic and cultural research value.