Guozhuang dance (Ganzi Guozhuang)

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Guozhuang dance (Ganzi Guozhuang)

Applicant: dege County, Sichuan Province

Item No.: 123

Project No.: Ⅲ - 20

Time of publication: 2008 (second batch)

Category: traditional dance

Region: Sichuan Province

Type: Extension Project

Applicant: dege County, Sichuan Province

Protection unit: dege County Cultural Center

Guozhuang dance (Ganzi Guozhuang)

Applicant: dege County, Sichuan Province

Guozhuang dance is a popular folk dance type in Tibetan areas. With the development of Tibetan society and history, it has changed constantly. It not only reflects the working conditions such as beating highland barley, twisting wool, feeding livestock and making wine, but also shows the Tibetan customs and customs, and performs when men get married, women get married, new houses are built and guests are welcomed.

Guozhuang dance can be divided into old Guozhuang dance and new Guozhuang dance. The old Guozhuang dance has the nature of sacrifice. It can only sing special lyrics without any changes. The dance is slow, steady, simple and solemn. Xinguozhuang mostly reflects the activities of agriculture and animal husbandry production, business and trade, and its lyrics and dance movements are relatively flexible. According to the different popular regions, Guozhuang dance can be divided into Ganzi Guozhuang, Manai Guozhuang and other categories. Generally, there is no limit to the number of people in Guozhuang dance, either one or more. Men and women in a circle, face inside the circle, dancing. The dance steps include "Guozhuo" and "kuzhuo", the former is walking dance, the latter is turn dance.

As an important part of the second largest Tibetan area in China, Ganzi Prefecture, including Tibet Changdu, Qinghai Yushu, Yunnan Diqing and other places, is an important area for the inheritance and practice of rich Kangba culture.

Guozhuang, which means "circle dance", is an ancient traditional form of song and dance. According to the book "ladakwang clan" in Tibet, Guozhuang in Tibetan area had developed long before the rise of Tubo kingdom in the period of deqiaogong. After more than 1000 years of development and evolution, several factions had been formed. Ganzi Guozhuang is one of them.

Ganzi Guozhuang was formed in Ganzi Prefecture. During the period of the Republic of China, Ganzi organized a Guozhuang team (male and female) to perform for chieftains and leaders in temples every year, gradually forming the "dance difference system", which was not abolished until the founding of new China. Since 1978, the activities of Guozhuang in Ganzi have become more and more active, which has become an indispensable mass cultural and recreational activity.

The performance style of Ganzi Guozhuang is: men and women in a circle, or men and women in a small circle. Both men and women have their own "outstanding talents" who are good at singing and dancing. Before the dance, each team of men and women will sing the "Introduction" of the loose pattern, and then dance clockwise. When the men's team sings and dances, the women's team only dances and does not sing; when the women's team sings and dances, the men's team only dances and does not sing. When dancing, men and women dance with or without arms, and the rhythm changes from slow to fast, then to climax and ends with fast rhythm. According to the traditional customs, there are certain procedures for the lyrics and dance music of Ganzi Guozhuang, which can not be changed at will, that is, one singing happy gathering, two singing prayer, three singing praise, four singing funny, five singing marriage and six singing Buddhism. Usually, it takes 10 dances to finish a Guozhuang.

In the dance style, Ganzi Guozhuang is simple and easy, especially in the fast-paced stage, with warm and lively melody. The male dancers are bold and vigorous, while the female dancers are beautiful and lively, with distinctive local characteristics.

The dance music and posture of Guozhuang in Ganzi are basically the same before and after the founding of new China. Lyrics change with the development of the times. During the period of the Republic of China, most of the lyrics were praising God Buddha and chieftain. After the founding of new China, some traditional lyrics were retained, while some lyrics were created to praise the socialist system, the Communist Party and the people's hard work and courage. The lyrics of this kind of folk songs usually belong to antithetical songs or long poems. The most common form is three paragraph style, with 2 to 8 sentences in each paragraph and 8 syllables in each sentence. 2 / 4 beat is the most common music score, and there are some more complex beats such as 3 / 4 and 6 / 8. The common modes are Yu mode and Shang mode.