Bowl cavity (Xiaoyi bowl cavity)

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Wanqiang (Xiaoyi Wanqiang)

Applicant: Xiaoyi City, Shanxi Province

Item No.: 193

Project No.: Ⅳ - 49

Time of publication: 2006 (the first batch)

Category: Traditional Drama

Region: Shanxi Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Xiaoyi City, Shanxi Province

Protection unit: Xiaoyi Wanqiang troupe performance Co., Ltd

Introduction to bowl cavity (Xiaoyi bowl cavity)

Applicant: Xiaoyi City, Shanxi Province

Xiaoyi city is located in the eastern foot of the middle Luliang mountains and the southwest corner of Jinzhong Basin in Shanxi Province. Xiaoyi bowl cavity spread in Xiaoyi City and surrounding cities and counties.

There are two kinds of Xiaoyi bowl cavity: Leather cavity and bowl cavity. The two tunes are from Xiaoyi shadow play, namely paper window shadow play singing and screen window shadow play singing. There are two origins of PI Qiang: one is that it was formed in the Northern Song Dynasty, the other is that it was formed in the Warring States period. Piqiang is also called "chuqiang" because it is mainly accompanied by suona. Some experts believe that Xiaoyi tune is one of the ancient tunes in Chinese opera.

There are two forms of leather aria: one is the four sentence style, the structure of "starting, inheriting and turning", which artists call "flat (Adagio)" and "flowing water" with gongs and drums; the other is the up and down sentence aria which can be repeated many times, which artists call "Duoban". The accompaniment is divided into martial arts field and literary field. Wan Wan Qiang is named after a bowl shaped copper bell. It belongs to a special plate cavity structure, so it can't use the conventional plate eye to regulate the beat. The characteristics of Wanwanqiang singing are the mixed use of true and false voice, and the use of "false voice of function words". There are two kinds of falsetto singing: one is "Er Yin Zi"; the other is "Jian Yin Zi", which is formed on the basis of "Er Yin Zi".

Wan Wan Qiang's excellent plays, such as Liushuping, sanshangtaofeng, Fengliu father and son, Fengliu sisters, Fengliu mother-in-law and daughter-in-law, and suanzaopo, play an important role in condensing national spirit, strengthening national unity, and encouraging national fighting spirit.