Manufacturing technology of watertight compartment blessing boat

The name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: the manufacturing technology of watertight compartment blessing boat

Applicant: Jinjiang City, Fujian Province

Project No.: 921

Project No.: VIII - 138

Time of publication: 2008 (second batch)

Category: traditional art

Region: Fujian Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Jinjiang City, Fujian Province

Protection unit: Jinjiang Cultural Center

Brief introduction to the manufacturing technology of watertight compartment Fu boat:

Applicant: Jinjiang City, Fujian Province

During the song and Yuan Dynasties, Chinese ocean going wooden sailboats were favored by businessmen and envoys from all over the world. The important reason is that Chinese sailboats have high safety, which comes from the watertight compartment in sailboats. The so-called watertight compartments are the independent and impermeable compartments separated by diaphragms. The use of watertight compartments not only increases the strength of the hull, but also does not endanger other compartments even if one compartment hits the reef and water enters, ensuring the safety of ship navigation. At the same time, the watertight compartment, as the supporting point of the hull plate bending, also improves the firmness of the sailboat. The technology of watertight compartment shipbuilding in China was introduced to the west by Marco Polo at the end of the 13th century. Since then, this technology has been widely used by shipbuilding industry all over the world, which has an important impact on the development of human navigation.

In ancient times, Quanzhou was famous for its developed shipbuilding industry. According to the records of Xishan magazine in the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty, during the Tianbao period of the Tang Dynasty, the sea going ships built in Quanzhou area had "15 compartments", that is, there were 15 compartments on the ships. The unearthed cultural relics prove that at the latest in the Song Dynasty, the mature watertight compartment structure has been adopted in Quanzhou seagoing ships. The traditional construction technology of watertight compartment wooden sailboat still exists in Shenhu Town, Jinjiang City, Quanzhou, where wooden sailboats are designed according to the traditional mode. The sailboats follow the tradition from hull design, material selection, construction technology, appearance painting to various rituals in the process of construction. The ship is divided into 15 compartments by 14 compartments. There are two water holes near the keel under the compartment. The gap between each compartment is tightly twisted with tung oil ash and hemp rope to ensure the isolation between the compartments.

The shipbuilding skills of Qihou village, Zhangwan Town, Jiaocheng District, Ningde City were introduced from southern Fujian in the Hongwu Period of Ming Dynasty and passed down from generation to generation until today. During the period of the Republic of China, Zhangwan made more than 200-300 tonnage "three masted" wooden sailboats. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, Zhangwan shipyard has undertaken a large number of fishing vessels and transport vessels, many of which are watertight compartment structure wooden sailboats of more than 60 tons. After the reform and opening up in the 1980s, due to the widespread application of metal ships, Zhangwan Fu ship manufacturing industry is shrinking day by day. At present, although the small-scale production is still reserved in Qihou village, the inheritors are increasingly scarce, and the manufacturing technology of watertight compartment Fu boat is in an endangered state.

With the development of modern transportation, wooden boats are losing the soil for survival, and the production industry of wooden boats is also declining. In this situation, we must formulate the corresponding rescue and protection measures as soon as possible to ensure the effective inheritance of the precious folk handicraft of traditional wooden boat manufacturing.