Suona Art

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: suona Art

Applicant: Qinyang City, Henan Province

Item No.: 68

Project No.: Ⅱ - 37

Time of publication: 2006 (the first batch)

Category: Traditional Music

Region: Henan Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Qinyang City, Henan Province

Protection unit: Qinyang Cultural Center (Qinyang Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Center)

Suona art introduction:

Applicant: Qinyang City, Henan Province

Qinyang suona is a kind of woodwind oboe instrument. It is characterized by high volume, bright and rough sound quality, convenient performance, and good at expressing warm and unrestrained scenes and emotions of great joy and great sorrow. Qinyang suona develops with the development of the times. In recent years, it has gradually added some subsidiary musical instruments, such as Muzi, tetany (big mi), kaqiang (small mi), Guanzi, whistle and so on, greatly enriching the performance ability and performance content of Suona. Qinyang suona can be divided into three categories: high, medium and low. Its playing skills are very rich. In this region, suona troupes are invited to play in weddings, funerals, temples, opening ceremonies, birthday celebrations and other activities to add lively atmosphere.

It is said that Zhu Zai, the patriarch of the Ming Dynasty, developed "eye tube" on the basis of Suona Bayin Kong, which made a great contribution to the development of Chinese national wind music. It is said that he once founded the "golden drum club" in Jiufeng temple. Every September 23 of the lunar calendar, suona classes from all over the country gather here. In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty, there were "Tongyue club" and "Jiajia class", and from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, there were "Majin class", "Maodan class", "Yinhe class" and other suona performance organizations, which had a great influence in the local area. Qinyang a with "big sedan chair, Ma Jin blow, Ma Jin do not blow do not get married", "daughter-in-law, son-in-law to, Mao Dan do not blow do not get on the sedan", just reflects the influence of these suona class. According to the region and skill style, suona in Qinyang can be divided into four schools. Taking Qinhe River as the boundary, it can be divided into Qinbei school and Qinnan school; Qinbei school is represented by Zhangjia, Hejia and Majia, and Qinnan school is represented by Jiajia. This can be seen from its prosperity.

Under the influence of the four masters, the scale of Suona troupes and artists in Qinyang is increasing, and the number is considerable. From the founding of new China to the 1980s, the number of Suona classes in Qinyang has grown to more than 30, and more than 400 people are engaged in suona performance, showing the situation that there are suona in the countryside and music in every village. According to incomplete statistics, Qinyang suona plays more than 300 pieces. In modern and contemporary folk and artistic life, on the basis of inheriting the tradition, folk artists have created some new representative repertoire, such as ode to hometown, love talk of Jiufeng and spring of Qinyang. In December 1997, Qinyang City was awarded the honorary title of "hometown of folk art in Henan Province" by Henan Provincial Department of culture, and later named "hometown of Chinese folk art" by the Ministry of culture.

Xifeng District of Qingyang City in Gansu Province is located at the junction of Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia. It is the political, economic and cultural center of Qingyang City. It borders Heshui county and Zhenyuan County of Qingyang City in the East and West, and Ningxian County, Huanxian County, Huachi County and Qingcheng County in the South and North.

Qingyang Xifeng suona is a folk percussion music mainly played by suona, also known as percussion music. It has been continuously processed and inherited by modern artists. It has become a unique kind of folk music in China with its numerous Qupai, huge performance team, rich folk content and strong local characteristics. With Xifeng as the center, it is distributed in Qingcheng County, Huanxian County, Heshui County, Ningxian County, Zhengning county and some towns of Zhenyuan County. Xifeng district alone has 31 suona troupes with 286 employees. There are two kinds of performance forms of this kind of music: "big piece" combination and "small piece" combination. Generally, musicians can master more than two musical instruments and can be transferred at will without changing the personnel.

Qingyang suona tunes are rich, simple, self-contained and unique in style. More than 1200 pieces of traditional music have been collected and recorded after the census, and 496 pieces have been included in Qingyang folk instrumental music integration. According to the origin and evolution, these tunes can be divided into three categories: traditional tunes with higher instrumental level, folk song variations and local opera tunes. The representative tunes include "Pi Hong Guahua" and so on.

The cultural value of Qingyang suona is not only reflected in the uniqueness of music, but also in the extension of its content. For example, "running newspaper" is one of the forms of expression with rich connotation. It greatly displays the improvisation ability of artists through oral transmission, fully shows the intelligence of the working people, and plays an important role in inheriting and carrying forward traditional virtues and enhancing social cohesion. However, this unique music is in a serious endangered state, so it is urgent to take corresponding rescue and protection measures.