Tujia people's skill of building stilted building

The name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Construction Techniques of Tujia stilted building

Applicant: Yongshun County, Hunan Province

Project No.: 1191

Project No.: VIII - 211

Time of publication: 2011 (the third batch)

Category: traditional art

Region: Hunan Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Yongshun County, Hunan Province

Protection unit: Yongshun Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Center

Brief introduction of Tujia people's stilted building construction skills:

Applicant: Yongshun County, Hunan Province

The construction technology of Tujia stilted building (also known as "corner building") in Yongshun County, Hunan Province is a traditional handicraft with national characteristics created by Tujia people in their long-term social life, which is called "living fossil" of ancient architecture by experts and scholars.

The construction of the corner building originated in the spring and Autumn period and Warring States period, and flourished in the Tang and Song dynasties. After the Peng regime ruled Western Hunan, the corner building began to develop in an all-round way. During the reign of Emperor Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty, the ban on beams, columns and tiles was lifted, and the corner buildings were widely spread. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, people's living conditions have developed greatly, and the construction technology of corner building has reached its peak. However, with the acceleration of the social process, the corner building is gradually replaced by modern architecture, and the inheritance area and inheritors are seriously shrinking. At present, this traditional building is only distributed in Zejia, Shidi, cheping, Kesha, Furong and other towns in Yongshun County, with fewer inheritors and few successors, so the inheritance activities are difficult to continue.

There are many construction processes of corner building, including material preparation, processing, fan arrangement and beam erection. Most of the corner buildings of Tujia nationality are of wooden structure, which are of dry column type, with cornices and corners. There are corridors on all sides, and the wooden railings hanging out are carved with patterns symbolizing good luck, such as Wanzi grid, Yazi grid, Sifang grid, etc. The hanging pillars are octagonal, hexagonal and square, and the bottom is carved with various patterns such as Hydrangea and golden melon; the window lattice is carved with shuangfengchaoyang, magpie voice branch, lion rolling Hydrangea, peony, chrysanthemum and other flowers and plants, which are simple and elegant, beautiful and practical, with distinctive personality and craftsmanship characteristics.

There are many forms of corner building, such as single hanging corner building, double hanging corner building, four water corner building, etc., which have the architectural characteristics of no building without sill, no interest without melon, no building without turning, etc. With unique structure and lively form, it is a precious folk art crystallization integrating architecture, painting and sculpture, and also an outstanding representative in the history of Chinese architectural art.