Fuzhou Pinghua

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Comments on Fuzhou

Applicant: Fuzhou City, Fujian Province

Project No.: 239

Project No.: V - 3

Time of publication: 2006 (the first batch)

Category: quyi

Region: Fujian Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Fuzhou City, Fujian Province

Protected by: Fuzhou Pinghua folk art school (Fuzhou folk art troupe)

Brief introduction of Fuzhou Pinghua

Applicant: Fuzhou City, Fujian Province

Fuzhou Pinghua is a unique form of storytelling, which is narrated in Fuzhou dialect and interspersed with singing in the style of ballad. It is popular in more than ten counties and cities in Fujian Province, such as Fuzhou, Minhou, Yongtai, Changle, Lianjiang, Fuqing and Minqing, as well as in Taiwan Province and Southeast Asia.

Fuzhou Pinghua was formed in the late Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty. It is said that it was handed down by Ju Fuchen, the eldest disciple of Liu Jingting, who went to the shuangmenlou in Fuzhou to teach his disciples. Judging from the existing edition of seven star white paper horse of Fuzhou Pinghua in Yongzheng and Qianlong years of Qing Dynasty, Fuzhou Pinghua was very popular at that time.

The singing modes of Fuzhou Pinghua can be divided into three types: preface, chanting and suipai. The preface is used to perform the praise of short books before the book, which is similar to the "entering words" of ancient storytelling. Chanting is the basic singing style, which can be used to express the inner monologue and dialogue between the characters. The tunes include "high mountains and flowing water", "waves washing sand", "continuous beads", "didijin" and "tearful sentences". The music of suipai is strong, which can be used to express the life experience and grievance of the characters Use it when feeling, and use chopsticks to play cymbals when singing. In addition, there are also some folk tunes combined with the plot, such as "New Year's song", "zhenwuzi", "36jiao" and "wuzidie".

There are many programs in Fuzhou Pinghua, which can be divided into five types according to the theme: long explanation book, short explanation book, half length book, case book and family book. Long explanation books are all historical stories, There are three kingdoms, Sui and Tang Dynasties, Jingzhong yuezhuan, etc.; the short explanation book is a martial arts story, including seven heroes and five righteousness, Penggong case, Shigong case, etc.; the half length book is Shuihu, etc.; the Gongan book is dedicated to telling the story of honest officials asking for orders for the people and peaceful and unjust sentencing, which is unique and full of local color for Fuzhou Pinghua, such as Wanggong's eighteen judgments, zhenzhubei, Changtai's eighteen lives Most of the family books reflect the family ethics and the stories of joys and sorrows, such as Gan Guobao, double jade cicadas, jade bat and so on. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, Fuzhou Pinghua edited and performed new programs, such as "nine lives are wronged", "running water is joyful", "spring and autumn of the small city", "defending Yan'an" and so on, forming a certain influence.

Fuzhou Pinghua has great historical and cultural value from the aspects of the form of accompaniment instruments, the way of recitation performance, the unique genre and the traditional theme of storytelling. It is known as the "living fossil" of ancient quyi. However, the contemporary survival and development of Fuzhou Pinghua are facing great difficulties, which need to be vigorously supported and protected.