Longmen cave
Longmen cave, a Taoist temple complex, is located at the foot of Jingfu mountain in the south of Liupan Mountain in the northwest of Longxian County, Shaanxi Province and at the junction of Shaanxi and Gansu. It is one of the five great suspended Taoist temples in China and the first place where Qiu Chuji founded the Taoist Longmen school. It began in the spring and Autumn period, was built in the Western Han Dynasty, and flourished in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties. It is the "Longmen ancestral court" of Quanzhen Taoism. Therefore, it is well-known, known as the holy land of Longmen sect, and is determined as the provincial Taoist temple and key cultural relics protection unit in Shaanxi Province.
Longmen cave is a famous scenic spot in the west of Shaanxi Province. The landscape is famous for its adventure. It looks east and West with Wushan (belonging to Baoji), the "West Town", reflecting each other.
Since the 1980s, the local government has successively repaired and developed the longmendong building complex, and formed the longmendong forest park with the surrounding natural landscape, and the longmendong scenic area with Jingfu mountain and Leishen mountain. The longmendong Forest Park is a national AAAA scenic area.
Name evolution
Longmen cave, the ancient name of Xianyan, is a place where Taoists travel and live. According to the stele, Longmen cave "began in the spring and Autumn period and was built in the Western Han Dynasty.". According to the records, Yin Xi, a doctor of Zhou Dynasty, abandoned his post and returned to the mountain, where he was buried in Xianyan. In Han Dynasty, Mr. Lou Jing lived in seclusion and changed his name to jingfushan. Sun Simiao, a medical scientist in Tang Dynasty, lived in seclusion and applied medicine to help the world. In Yuan Dynasty, Qiu Chuji came to live here from Baoji River, which was called Longmen Mountain at that time. At the foot of the back mountain, there was only a Yuwang temple dedicated to Dayu's water control. Later, it was changed into Longmen cave and added landscape. Qiu was also the founder of Taoist Longmen school.
geographical environment
position
Longmendong is located in the border of Shaanxi and Gansu provinces. It is located at the foot of Jingfu mountain in the south of Liupan Mountain in the northwest of Longxian county and the junction of Shaanxi and Gansu. In the administrative region, it belongs to Longxian xinjichuan township.
landforms
In terms of geographical relationship, Longmen Mountain, where Longmen cave is located, belongs to Jingfu mountain. Jingfushan is the western mountain of Longshan (Guanshan) mountain, the branch of Liupan Mountain, and the North Branch of Qianshan Mountain. There are three peaks on the mountain: Fengzhao, Chaoyuan and Dingxin. 1952 meters above sea level, from the northwest of Longxian county to the east of xinjichuan township to tangfangliang of Wenshui township. In the southeast, it extends to zhitou, Chengguan Township. The mountain range is about 28 kilometers long. The largest peak of Jingfu mountain is Longmen Mountain, 1921 meters above sea level, on which Longmen cave is located.
Jingfushan is the southern end of the fold belt of Liupanshan system. Its geological composition is composed of Sinian siliceous limestone, Cambrian dolomitic limestone, Ordovician blue gray massive rock and Permian Sandy Rock intercalated with coal seam, forming an anticline structure. The new and old strata are interlaced in the territory, and the gullies are cut vertically and horizontally. In the karst terrain, the cliffs face each other, the size of karst caves are different, the rock strata are dripping, and the streams are surging, forming large and small pools. The 36 holes and 24 pools have laid a unique geographical condition for the formation of the scenic spot. There are many mountains and barriers in the mountain area, with unique mountains and beautiful waters, deep caves and deep pools, and lush trees. In spring and autumn, the mountains are covered with green, the flowers are beautiful, the sun is clear and the moon is bright, the purple fog is shrouded, before the wind and after the rain, the white clouds come out of the mountains, the crows are noisy at night, and the streams are playing the piano.
hydrology
Xinji river flows through Jingfu mountain, forming xinjichuan, which is the seat of xinjichuan township government. It is adjacent to Shangguan Town, Huating County, Gansu Province in the north and longmendong gully in the south. The terrain is gentle. It is a river valley and terrace with 3007 mu of arable land and fertile soil. Xinji river is a tributary of Weihe River, a tributary of Qianhe River and a tributary of Chenjiahe river. The stream in Longmen Donggou flows into Xinji river.
Cultural relics
According to the Yuchen palace stele of the Yuan Dynasty, in the 52 years after the death of Qiu Chuji, the founder of Longmen Taoist school, he Zhi, the descendant of FA sun, agreed to build the old residence of Qiu in 1266 and completed it in 1279. Following the rules of Quanzhen Taoism, he Zhizhen and others left home and settled in the forest to practice, renovated the temples and grand mountain gates. In addition, Qiu Chuji was granted the title of national teacher by the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, and led the country's Taoism. He was respected by Taoism both inside and outside, which greatly shocked the reputation of Longmen cave. Later generations built palaces and temples, added color and scenery, gradually enriched the pattern of Taoist temples, and made the scenic spots last forever.
Longmendong mountain farm is famous for its many caves and pools. 36 large and small caves and man-made temples are distributed in the hillside. 24 pools are dotted in the narrow area of the stream. The pools are deep and the water is blue. The mountains are full of strange trees, the springs are full of strange rocks, and the clouds are white and colorful. Since Qiu Chuji of the Yuan Dynasty, Taoists of all ages have built palaces and temples, built steles and towers, climbed rocks with iron ropes, and suspended plank roads, which have left many scenic spots, combining the natural landscape with the artificial scenery.
natural landscape
It is said that there are 36 holes and 24 pools in Longmen cave. Although they all have names, there are different opinions. With the passage of time and the vicissitudes of life, it is difficult to see them one by one. Except for a few caves and pools, only traces are left, which are not easy to identify. The name is as follows:
Hunyuanding cave is the highest part of Longmen cave, about 130 meters high from the Taoist temple. Everyone who comes to Longmen cave is happy to have the courage to visit here. Hunyuan Laozu niches and caves are all erected with brackets in the air and set off by chiseling walls. They are quite steep and can be described as superb craftsmanship. The plank road from the Taiqing hall to this place is about 50 meters long. All the holes are drilled in the cliff, iron piles are driven into the cliff, and wooden boards are used to build bridges. Visitors climb the iron ropes and climb against the wall. It's often creepy. When you climb to the top of the mountain, you can have a panoramic view of the mountains and forests. When you look around, you can feel like you are in the sky. You feel like you are climbing Mount Tai and you are small in the world.
The Dingxin peak (Xianglu peak and Wangshan peak) and the iron tower are located at the west end of the front of the Sigong temple. The isolated peak is as if it had been cut. Only a few people can sit on the top of the peak. Therefore, the peak is facing the Qiuzu building, such as the censer in front of the building, so it is also known as the censer peak, also known as the peak. When you climb the peak and look around, you can have a panoramic view of the whole cave. There are three deep holes at the waist of the peak. Under the peak, there are five layers of hollow iron tower, which was built on the original track of the old incense stove in June 1694. The whole height is 2.60 meters, the top height is 0.8 meters, which is smaller than the tower body. The middle height is 1.15 meters, and the diameter is 0.88 meters. The base is 0.65 meters high. There are six dragon wrapped pillars around the tower. Each edge is cast with a crouching lion, about 0.8 meters high. The upper hole of the gap is respectively cast with the seal characters "Tianjing", "Dikai", "Shanshou", "Shuiyang", "Minfu" and "Wufu". The big animal head was cast on each foot, the middle part was concave, and a crouching elephant and a crouching lion were cast in the gap. The top, the body and the base of the tower are all cast with the name of the person who made the tower.
Zaoyang cave is located on the cliff steps on the west side of Longmen Donggou, more than 20 meters higher than the bottom of the ditch. The sidewalk is connected with the platform on the west side of the ditch. The cliff is chiseled and a slab bridge is erected, more than 10 meters wide. It is fenced with iron cables for communication. The cave is located in the West and East, so it is named because it can see the sun first. Inside the cave, the two caves are connected. There is a statue of xunsimiao, the king of medicine, and a portrait of the story of the king of medicine. Outside the cave, there is only a platform for more than Zhang to revolve around. In the past, he raised donkeys here to grind noodles and supply them to the mountain farm. Because of the cliff, the cave faces the abyss, and the cold wind howls, and the rapids roar, the cave is frightening.
Heihutan is a big stone pool at the entrance of the back mountain. It is about 5 meters in diameter and 1 meter deep. It is a dark green lake. Because of the strange rocks on the edge of the pool, it looks like a tiger, so it is called black tiger pool. When the mountain torrent breaks out, the rolling stones and sediment in the pool churn out, surging and surging. The mountain sounds like a tiger roaring and leaping, which is very spectacular.
Taoist temple
In 1663, after the renovation of Longmen cave in Rentian, Wanping, Hebei Province, Yunxi palace was built under the Royal screen of the mountain. Later, it continued to expand and become a famous Taoist temple. The main buildings are Dou Mu palace, di Mu palace, Yu Zu hall, Qiu Zu building, Wen San Si building, Wu San Si building, Lei Shen hall, Zi Zi palace, Yao Wang cave, Ling Guan building, Tian Zu hall, eight immortals cave hall, East and West guest rooms, cloud kitchen, etc.
In addition to Taoist rooms, pilgrims' dormitories, cloud kitchen and other buildings, there are more than 20 temples in the main courtyard of Longmen cave. The names of the temples are shown in the table below.
The Arctic Palace (wuliangzushi Hall) is built on the North terrace of the main courtyard. From the back of the mountain, you can climb up the 153 level stone steps and enter the Longmen Taoist temple. It is the largest five halls of the Taoist temple, magnificent, carved beams and painted buildings, magnificent. In the hall, there is a golden seated statue of Zhenwu Wuliang's founder in the Arctic xuandome, and standing statues of the Four Heavenly Kings (marshals) on both sides. On the table, there is a sitting statue of the Jade Emperor of Haotian in Qing Dynasty. It is 1 meter high and weighs about 25 kg. It has a crown on its head, a boa robe and a jade belt. It has a plump face. There is also a sitting statue of Wuliang grandmaster carved in sandalwood, about 1 meter high and finely carved. This hall is the main hall of the Taoist temple. The buildings, banners, Baogai, scriptures, bells and drums, and Taoist instruments are all available in the hall. The fasting and chanting of scriptures are held here. There is a cloud plate-shaped rubble hanging on the wooden frame. It weighs about 15 kg and is struck by objects. The sound is like a chime, which can be heard in the distance. Deep under the platform, there is a deep stone cave, which is the name of Longmen cave. It is said that Qiu Chuji once lived here when he first arrived. There is a stone sign with dragon pattern and "Xiushui" in Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty.
Qinghe Palace (Qiu zulou) is located on the upper west side of the main hall of the Arctic palace, in a straight line with the Dongshan gate. In the old days, there were seven sitting figures of Quanzhen sect in the building, but now it is changed to the one of Qiu Chuji in Changchun. In the past, all the cultural relics left behind by Qiu were collected here and have been lost. Building 3, exquisite structure, after decoration, Feige Liudan, elegant and solemn.
Qiuzu Cave (Changchun cave), Danyang cave and Chunhua cave are all located on the rocks behind the Qinghe palace building. The first two caves are
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Longmen cave
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