Shixia site

Shixia site

Shixia site, located 2.5km southwest of MABA Town, Qujiang County, Guangdong Province, is a Neolithic site. It includes three periods of different cultural relics, namely, Shixia cultural layer, Xia Shang cultural layer, and the Bronze Age cultural layer from Xia Shang to Western Zhou period, represented by Lingtao. Shixia culture is obviously different from the native culture in Lingnan area, and a few pottery has the characteristics of Liangzhu culture. It has the closest relationship with fanchengdui culture in Ganjiang River Valley of Jiangxi Province. Some people call the two cultures fanchengdui Shixia culture.

The discovery and excavation of the Shixia site is a major breakthrough in the archaeological work of Guangdong Province. It fills in the gap of the ancient culture before Qin and Han Dynasties, and provides rich and important material materials for exploring the relationship between the Shixia site and the contemporary culture of the neighboring provinces and southeast coastal areas.

Shixia site, approved by the State Council in June 2001, is the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units

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Cultural relics

The total area of Shixia site is about 30000 square meters, and the exposed area is 4000 square meters. There are house sites, ash pits, pottery kilns, tombs and other remains found in the site. More than 3000 pieces of stone tools, pottery, bone ware, jade and other relics have been unearthed.

Distribution area

The late Neolithic culture in Lingnan area of China. It is mainly distributed in the middle and upper reaches of Beijiang River and Dongjiang River. It is about 4500 years ago. Stone tools are generally polished, such as the blade at both ends of the bow back, Duanshi, shouldered Shi, chisel, Tomahawk and arrowhead. There are abundant japonica and indica rice remains.

Burial custom

Among the pottery, tripod and ring foot ware are well developed, with a small amount of geometric impression pottery with curved ruler pattern and whirlpool pattern. Tombs were found in Shixia site. Most of the tombs were buried by one person after barbecue, and the second relocation was popular.

There are two sets of funerary objects in the moving tombs, one is the broken pottery moved together with human bones, and the other is the new one put in during the second burial. In the late period, there were obvious differences between the large and small tombs, reflecting the polarization between the rich and the poor and the emergence of special social strata.

There are dozens to more than 100 burial objects in the tombs, including a number of stone tools and precious jade objects such as Cong, yuan, Bi, etc., often accompanied by rice grains as sacrificial food.

Address: 25km southwest of MABA Town, Qujiang District, Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province

Longitude: 113.599055

Latitude: 24.677779