Fish scale stone pond

Fish scale stone pond

Located 1000 meters from the East and west sides of zhan'ao tower, Yulin stone pond is a key cultural relic protection unit at the provincial level. Together with the great wall and the Beijing Hangzhou Grand Canal, it is known as the three major ancient projects in China. Its exquisite structure and magnificent momentum make it known as the "Great Wall defending the sea" after hundreds of years of tidal impact.

Scenery

The construction method of the fish scale stone pond is very special. All of them are made of neat rectangular stones, which are in the shape of "t" and stacked from bottom to top. In order to solve the technical problems caused by the scouring and digging of Qiantang River, the ancient Chinese skillfully used one of the characteristics of Chinese rice: viscosity to replace the conventional adhesive. The most sticky glutinous rice is used for beating and pouring between the stones, and then iron curium is used to buckle tenon; iron ingot is used to lock the top of the stone pond to prevent loosening; earth mounds are added behind the pond to protect the pond. From the side of the pond, the arrangement is like fish scales, neat, beautiful and solid, so it has a beautiful name: "fish scale stone pond".

The height of the existing seawall can only prevent the flood and tide level with a return period of 20-25 years. The reinforcement project can raise it to prevent the flood and tide level with a return period of 100 years, and can also resist the big waves caused by the invasion of a typhoon with a force 12. In addition, according to the specific situation, the protection measures of seawall foundation are taken by sections. In some pond sections, 10-12m reinforced concrete piles are densely drilled at the foot of the pond, while in some pond sections, a dense spur dike group is built. The first phase of the project, with a total investment of 560 million yuan, requires 18000 to 20000 yuan for each meter of seawall reinforcement.

history

Tracing back to the source

It was built more than 1700 years ago to prevent the tide of Qiantang River. In the Five Dynasties, when King Qian of Wu and Yue was in power, he collected clay workers to build seawalls on a large scale.

Since then, it has been built in all dynasties. In the Yuan Dynasty, a unique method of building ponds, wooden piles and stone ponds, was used. The technology of pond building continued to develop. Wang Xi of Ming Dynasty created the method of vertical and horizontal stacking to build the sample pond, which was greatly successful. Huang Guangsheng, a water conservancy officer in Zhejiang Province, improved this method to build the fish scale stone pond.

In 1718, at the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the state decided to build a fish scale stone pond in Yanguan.

the Ming dynasty

In the 21th year of Jiajing (1542), Huang Guangsheng, director of water conservancy in Zhejiang Province, investigated and studied the characteristics of the ferocious sea tide of sea salt and found a way to build seawalls. He summed up the experience and lessons of predecessors in building seawalls, and believed that the reasons for seawalls to collapse were "shallow roots" and "hollowing out". He carefully studied the treatment of pond foundation and the method of vertical and horizontal stacking of stones. He first built five vertical and five horizontal fish scale stone ponds in Haiyan, and achieved good results. The so-called fish scale stone pond, in short, if the fish scale is close to each other and there is no hole in the water, that is to say, the extremely thick and huge stone is used to stack the vertical and horizontal scales, the direction of which is square, and the surface is heavy. It is covered with two vertical and one horizontal stones, which is called double cover, five vertical and five horizontal fish scale pond and covered with earth pond. Five vertical and five horizontal fish scale pile foundation stone pond straight to the tide of the positive Chong, still. Since then, the Haiyantang line has been firmly held and never retreated.

From then on until the Qing Dynasty, most of the stone ponds built in the coastal areas were built by Huang Guangsheng. In order to enhance the ability to resist the tide erosion, people have built a more perfect fish scale stone pond by enlarging the cross section of the pond and building a double cover fish scale pond. So far, the fish scale stone pond stands on the coastline of sea salt and extends hundreds of kilometers to the North Bank of the West Qiantang River, known as the "Great Wall on the sea", which is a breakthrough in the construction technology of Qiantang River seawall project. In addition, Huang Guangsheng also numbered and segmented the Haiyan seawall according to the order of QianZiWen. This measure was extended to the seawall buildings on the South and north sides of Hangzhou Bay in the Qing Dynasty.

the Qing dynasty

There are many vivid stories about Qianlong and the fish scale pond. There is a saying in the unofficial history that Qianlong was stationed in the hometown of chenge in Haining, but the Qing emperors paid special attention to Haining for more important and practical reasons. The Qiantang River seawall in Haining, to the north of which is the broad Taihu Plain, is a rich area. In the Qing Dynasty, the imperial grain quota handed over in this area accounted for almost half of the whole country. But this granary is not stable. In history, Qiantang River swings frequently, and the seawalls along Hangzhou and Haining in the north line are all critical areas. The granary is in urgent need. The emperor can't just sit by. Therefore, we did not hesitate to invest a large amount of money to build the Qiantang River seawall on a large scale.

During the 140 years of Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong, there were 134 large-scale construction projects. Each foot (now seven and a half feet) required 8000 taels of silver, and Qianlong himself managed to pile piles. The Qing Dynasty also established a series of rules and regulations, such as the seawall warranty system, which stipulated that during the warranty period, if the seawall was damaged, the repairing officer must compensate for it, even if the officer died, his family members must compensate for it.

Because of the organizational, institutional and financial support for the maintenance of the seawall, the fish scale stone pond built in the Ming and Qing Dynasties still stands on the Bank of the Qiantang River, 33.4 kilometers long, just like a historical monument.

New China

Since the founding of new China, the Qianjiang seawall has been comprehensively repaired and expanded, and the seawall construction technology has also been greatly improved. The seawall reinforcement project on the North Bank of Qiantang River, with a dangerous area of 44.7 meters, was officially started on May 19, 1998 as a key project supported by the state. It is the largest seawall construction project since the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Address: Yanguan Town, Haining City, Zhejiang Province

Longitude: 120.532023

Latitude: 30.407062

Ticket information: 10 yuan

Opening hours: 7:30 to 17:00