Shangfangshan National Forest Park is located in Fangshan District of Beijing. According to the official website of the park in 2014, the elevation of the main peak is 860 meters, with a total area of 340 hectares. The forest coverage rate is more than 90%, and there are 625 plant species, including 20 varieties or forms, including Chinese unique plants such as sole root grass, Green Sandalwood, grasshopper leg, Anemarrhena asphodeloides, and rare plants such as Ginkgo biloba and shengguyou. Shangfangshan, with a history of Buddhist culture of 2000 years, is a comprehensive national forest park integrating nature, Buddhism and karst caves. It is also a comprehensive multi-functional scenic spot integrating mountains, forests, caves, temples, springs, museums and pits. It is one of the 20 national demonstration forest parks and a green gymnasium of southwest natural botanical garden in Beijing.
Shangfangshan National Forest Park
Shangfangshan National Forest Park is located in Fangshan District of Beijing. According to the official website of the park in 2014, the elevation of the main peak is 860 meters, with a total area of 340 hectares. The forest coverage rate is more than 90%, and there are 625 plant species, including 20 varieties or forms, including Chinese unique plants such as sole root grass, Green Sandalwood, grasshopper leg, Anemarrhena asphodeloides, and rare plants such as Ginkgo biloba and shengguyou. Shangfangshan, with a history of Buddhist culture of 2000 years, is a comprehensive national forest park integrating nature, Buddhism and karst caves. It is also a comprehensive multi-functional scenic spot integrating mountains, forests, caves, temples, springs, museums and pits. It is one of the 20 national demonstration forest parks and a green gymnasium of southwest natural botanical garden in Beijing.
geographical environment
Location context
Shangfangshan National Forest Park is a national 3A level tourist attraction. Located in Hancunhe Town, Fangshan District, Beijing, about 60 kilometers away from the urban area of Beijing, it is a mountain type natural scenic spot. Since the second year of Tianping, Emperor Xiaojing of the Eastern Wei Dynasty (535), monks have built temples and managed the forest here. With a total area of 329.3 hectares and a total area of 3.53 square kilometers, Shangfangshan has the only well preserved primary secondary forest in North China. The forest land area of the park is 1.74 square kilometers, the shrub land area is 1.63 square kilometers, and the forest coverage rate is more than 90%.
topographic features
The upper mountain is mainly composed of Sinian dolomitic limestone with steep slope and deep valley. The soil is mountain brown soil and leached cinnamon soil.
Climatic characteristics
The climate of Beijing is a typical north temperate semi humid continental monsoon climate. It is hot and rainy in summer, cold and dry in winter, and short in spring and autumn. The annual frost free period is 180-200 days, which is shorter in the western mountainous area. The average rainfall in 2007 was 483.9 mm, which was one of the areas with the most rainfall in North China. The annual average temperature is 6-9 ℃. The accumulated temperature of ≥ 0 ℃ is 2800-3800 ° and the annual precipitation is 640-680mm due to the southeast monsoon in summer. The seasonal distribution of precipitation is very uneven. 80% of the annual precipitation is concentrated in June, July and August, with heavy rain in July and August.
Resources
plant resources
Shangfangshan is the only well preserved primary secondary forest in North China, which has a good ecological environment suitable for forest growth. The main types of forest vegetation are Platycladus orientalis, Quercus liaotungensis, low valley mixed forest and so on. The main plant species are Platycladus orientalis, Pinus tabulaeformis and Quercus. There are 645 species of vegetation, 103 families and 363 genera.
Lateral Berlin
Platycladus orientalis is a natural secondary forest, but also a plantation. Because of the harsh habitat, Platycladus orientalis grows slowly and its canopy is sparse, which often forms a sparse forest. Platycladus orientalis is the dominant species, rarely associated with other tree species, and its height is generally less than 5 meters. The shrub under the forest is relatively developed, with Vitex negundo as the dominant species. Other shrubs include apricot, Rhamnus microphylla, grasshopper leg, Spiraea villosa, Spiraea trifoliata, queer tongue, thin skinned wood, Magnolia, etc. The herb layer is sparse, and Carex humilis, cryptospermum, Leymus chinensis and Polygala tenuifolia are common.
Quercus liaotungensis
Quercus liaotungensis forest is one of the typical types of deciduous broad-leaved forest in Beijing mountainous area. The canopy density of arbor layer is 0.5-0.8, the constructive species is Quercus liaotungensis, the tree height is generally 5-8m, and the tree age is more than 30 years. The common associated trees in the forest are Quercus mongolica, Acer mono, Fraxinus latifolia, Tilia amurensis, Populus davidiana, Betula platyphylla, Betula spinosa, etc. The total coverage of shrub layer is about 40%, and it can reach 60% under the sparse canopy. The main species are Lespedeza bicolor, liudaomu, Spiraea trifoliata, dahuabishu, lanjingzi, zhaoshanbai, hazelnut, hazelnut, etc. They often become dominant species in shrub layer due to different habitats. For example, Spiraea trifoliata has strong adaptability, and it often becomes the dominant species under Quercus liaotungensis forest with thin soil layer on low and middle mountain slopes. Lespedeza bicolor is dominant in shrub layer on shady slope with thick soil layer above 800 meters above sea level. On the sunny slope of higher altitude, Corylus heterophylla, Corylus heterophylla and C. heterophylla are often dominant. The coverage of herbaceous layer is about 30-40%, and the main species are Carex humilis, Saussurea chinensis, Sanguisorba officinalis, Thalictrum, Bupleurum chinense, Atractylodes lancea, Anemone heterocephala, etc. Among them, Carex humilis is the dominant species, and Carex cathayana and Carex latifolia increase in higher altitude and wet forest.
Mixed forest in low valley
Due to the good water condition, deep soil layer, high content of organic matter, good drainage and humid habitat in Shangfangshan Valley, plants grow luxuriantly, forming a variety of mixed forest dominated by mesophytic trees. The main tree species are Pterocarpus tatarinowii, Juglans mandshurica, Fraxinus macrophylla, Sambucus mongholicus, celadon, etc. In addition, there are a certain number of subtropical tree species, such as Pistacia chinensis, Rhus verniciflua, Rhus salina, shengguyou and so on.
Old and Famous Trees
There are 51 first-class famous ancient trees in Shangfangshan, including more than 10 thousand year old trees. The king of cypress, the king of pine, the king of Ginkgo and the king of Sophora japonica are collectively known as the "four big tree kings of thousand year old trees", all of which are more than 500 years old. The king of cypress, one of the four big tree kings, is the crown of the whole mountain, with a diameter of 1.53 meters, a height of 24 meters and a tree age of more than 1500 years. Bodhi tree and Chimonanthus praecox are rare. There are more than 4000 secondary ancient trees. Shangfangshan is the largest group of famous ancient trees in Beijing.
medicinal plant
There are more than 300 kinds of medicinal plants, among which "Toona sinensis, Polygonatum sibiricum and Calligonum jujube" are known as "shangshangshangsanbao" and are well-known in Beijing.
Animal resources
There are more than 30 kinds of wild animals, including macaques, wild goats, foxes, squirrels, badgers, sand chickens, azaleas, Orioles and so on.
Main attractions
Nine caves and twelve peaks
Shangfangshan Forest Park is famous for its "nine caves and twelve peaks". The nine caves are: Tianwang cave, Jiuhuan cave, Yanshou cave, Yinyang cave, Huayan cave, Jingang cave, Chaoyang cave, Xixi cave and Yunshui cave; the twelve peaks are: zijinling, Guanyin peak, Xiaoyue peak, Huilong peak, Pilu peak, Jinxiu peak, Xiangwang peak, Wanghai peak, Tianzhu peak, camel peak, chaluo peak and Shizi peak; and the 72 Buddhist temple headed by "Douliu Temple" is a collection of forest, cave, cave and cave Temple, mountain, stone landscape in one scenic spot. It is known as "Youyan Aoshi" in history and enjoys the reputation of "Suzhou and Hangzhou in the South and the top in the north".
Shengquan nunnery
Shengquan temple is built in accordance with the North cliff. It sits in the north and faces the south. There are four North halls, one bright and two dark. There are two naves with niches for Buddhas, one on the left and one on the right, where monks live. Shengquan nunnery is located in yukou. It has a unique view, but it is built by rocks. It is half a mountain temple and half a cliff. It is the most grass type of temples. There are three eyes of clear spring in Shengquan nunnery, so it is called Shengquan nunnery. Shengquan temple is backed by Shiziya. Shiziya looks up and looks like a squatting lion. In the Qing Dynasty, there was a Yunju nunnery on the cliff side, which was destroyed. Along the way, there are Guanyin cave, Manjusri cave and Bainiu cave, all of which are the places where mountain monks live. Guanyin cave is located under the rock of xiangwangfengyin. It is six or seven feet deep and contains a natural stone statue of Guanyin. On the road again, the stone steps rise, and the northeast line is to a douquan.
Fahua nunnery
Fahua nunnery is located on a terrace in the east of Douri temple, with three main halls and two north side halls. The original nunnery of Jinshan Temple was built in the third year of Jin Zhenyuan. South of the gate, covering an area of more than mu, surrounded by ancient pine, mountain trees more than 10. Qingfeng East, West, South juejian phase ring. In the west, it looks up to the temple of doulu, to the north, to the retreat temple, and to the southwest, to the west, across the stream from the lower Buddha Hall. Into the pocket rate temple gate, petal incense nunnery, green shadow red wall, far away.
Sutra Pavilion
The original name of the Sutra pavilion was Guangci nunnery, which was rebuilt in the Republic of China. There is a huge pine tree in the courtyard, named songshuwang. There is a section of the stone building in the courtyard of fangyanghong's family in Zhuozhou, the capital of the great Jin Dynasty. According to the inscription, the surname of this nun is Du, a member of Zhao family in Gu'an County. There is also a stone section of "Da Jin Zhong Du Bao Xian Si Ni De Jing Fen TA Ji", which was printed by Yu Xian, a monk of Wu Wu an at Dading 25 (1185). Wuwu nunnery, hongjiazhuang courtyard and Baoxian temple were not examined. There is a spring in the right rear of the Sutra Pavilion. It's called Mannu spring. It's very clear and refreshing to drink. The original living monks in the pavilion make tea in the spring every time the guests arrive. The tea brewed by the spring tastes mellow and delicious.
Dabei Temple
Dabei temple in the west of Fuji Temple
Chinese PinYin : Shang Fang Shan Guo Jia Sen Lin Gong Yuan
Shangfangshan National Forest Park
Shuangfeng Lake Tourist Resort. Shuang Feng Hu Lv You Du Jia Qu
Former residence of Huang Zunxian. Huang Zun Xian Gu Ju
Yashushan Nature Reserve. Ya Shu Shan Zi Ran Bao Hu Qu
Yaowang mountain scenic spot. Yao Wang Shan Feng Jing Qu