Qin Opera

Name of Chinese national intangible cultural heritage: Qin Opera

Applicant: Shaanxi Province

Item No.: 160

Project No.: Ⅳ - 16

Time of publication: 2006 (the first batch)

Category: Traditional Drama

Region: Shaanxi Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Shaanxi Province

Protection unit: Shaanxi opera research institute, Yisu Society

Introduction to Qin Opera:

Applicant: Shaanxi Province

Qin opera is a kind of opera tune, which is popular in Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai, Xinjiang and other northwest regions. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Qin opera was introduced into the Central Plains, East China, central China and South China by Shaanxi merchants, and became a major opera in the early Qing Dynasty.

More than 3000 traditional operas of Qin opera have been found, most of which are based on historical stories and various myths and folklores, including Chunqiu Bi, heshibi, yuhuzhui, Zixia palace, linguchuang, Changbanpo, maihuashan, lintongshan, zhandantong, quluoyang, Sanniang jiaozi, cuizhongyuan and Fanyan Some representative plays, such as an, pohongzhou, sanshangdian, xianxichuan, etc.

There are two kinds of Qin opera music: Joyous music and bitter music. The former mainly shows happy mood, while the latter mainly shows sad mood. The accompaniment band is divided into writing field and martial field. The writing field is mainly composed of Banhu, supplemented by flute, Sanxian, Yueqin, suona and so on. The martial field basically uses percussion instruments, including fingerboard, dry drum, drum, hook Gong, hand Gong, Shuishui and so on. The roles of Qin opera are traditionally divided into four categories: Sisheng, Liudan, Erjing and Yichou, each with its own complete singing and performance procedures. The Sheng and Jingxing singing of Qin opera are high pitched and exciting, generous and sad, bold and unconstrained; Dan opera is euphemistic and delicate, tactful and elegant. Qin opera performers also attach great importance to scaffolding and special effects. In the long-term stage practice, they have formed distinctive performance modes, such as riding horses, pulling shelves, carrying firewood, spitting fire, shaozigong, and flopping. In addition, the facial makeup of Qin opera has its own characteristics.

Qin opera is the spiritual wealth shared by the people of the Northwest Loess Plateau, and it is also a typical representative of the Sanqin culture, with a broad mass base. In history, it spread to the Central Plains and coastal areas, and influenced and bred dozens of local operas. After the 1980s, Qin opera, like other traditional operas, has been greatly impacted by modern culture. Professional performing groups are hard to survive, and there is a lack of excellent performing talents. Traditional performing skills are in danger of being lost, so it is urgent to take effective protection measures.