Orthography

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: zhengzixi

Applicant: Lufeng City, Guangdong Province

Project No.: 159

Project No.: Ⅳ - 15

Time of publication: 2006 (the first batch)

Category: Traditional Drama

Region: Guangdong Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Lufeng City, Guangdong Province

Protection unit: Lufeng zhengzixi inheritance and Protection Center

Introduction to Zhengzi Opera:

Applicant: Lufeng City, Guangdong Province

Zhengzi opera, originally called Zhengyin opera, is an old and rare opera with multi tone. In the early Ming Dynasty, a branch of Nanxi was introduced into eastern Guangdong and formed Zhengzi opera, which was mainly rooted in hailufeng area and later spread to Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and Southeast Asia.

There are more than 2600 traditional operas in Zhengzi opera, which can be divided into two categories: Wenxi and Wuxi. Wenxi includes the transcripts of Zhengzi liuxibi jinchaiji in the seventh year of Xuande in Ming Dynasty, the transcripts of Nanxi in the year of Jiajing, a number of Complete transcripts of Qing Dynasty and Republic of China, and the transcripts of 1950s. The "four happy dramas" in Sanyuan, Wugui, manchuhu and yuehuayuan, the "four bitter dramas" in jingchai, Kuihua, Pipa and Baitu, and the "four bow dramas" in zhongyilie, QianLiJu, tiegongyuan and malingdao are collectively referred to as the twelve real dramas. Most of the martial arts operas are liantai operas, such as the Three Kingdoms and Sui and Tang Dynasties.

The performance style of Zhengzi opera is simple and grand, especially good at performing liantai opera. The singing style of Wenxi retains its old features, mainly composed of the tunes of zhengyinqu and Changpai, and mixed with Luantan and ditty. The zhengyinqu is led by Xiqin, accompanied by gongs and drums, and the Changpai is accompanied by flute and suona. Many tunes in Zhengyin music directly inherit Yiyang and Qingyang tunes, and roll singing is widely used. There are more than 100 Kunqiang tunes, some of which fully reflect the strict and complete organizational form of Beiqu. Martial arts opera is a compendium opera. There is no or little singing. It is accompanied by percussion signs to enhance the atmosphere. The atmosphere is warm and hot. There are wonderful performances such as shaking the flag, shaking the muscles, shaking the beard, running the horse, showing the martial arts of the southern school and so on. It can well show all kinds of historical and military scenes. There are 12 trades in Zhengzi opera, including red face, black face, white face, Laosheng, wusheng, white fan, Zhengdan, Huadan, shuaizhu, Gongmo, Po and Chou. Some of the trades in the performance outline facial makeup. There are more than 200 kinds of facial patterns in zhengzixi, such as maomian, shuiguimu, Yingzui and humu.

Zhengzi opera is a variant of the ancient Nanxi opera, which provides strong evidence for the study of the evolution of opera tune and the influence of local culture on opera. At present, the survival of Zhengzi opera is in crisis, which needs timely rescue and protection.