Drum (Longyao drum)

The name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: drum (Longyao Zhaozi drum)

Applicant: Longyao County, Hebei Province

Item No.: 639

Project No.: Ⅲ - 42

Time of publication: 2008 (second batch)

Category: traditional dance

Region: Hebei Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Longyao County, Hebei Province

Protection unit: Longyao County Cultural Center

Introduction to drum (Longyao Zhaozi drum)

Applicant: Longyao County, Hebei Province

Chinese drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum drum. In the book of changes, there is a saying that "the dance of drum is to do its best", which not only vividly reflects the long history of Chinese encouragement, but also outlines its main functions. From the original "beating the stone, supporting the stone and leading a hundred animals to dance" to the later generations, the Chinese drum dance has always been in the same continuous line. There are various forms of Chinese drum dance, which are widely distributed. There are many kinds of dances. Among them, the more typical forms are waist drum dance, broken drum dance, flower drum dance, wood drum dance, long drum dance, flat drum dance, copper drum dance, dragon drum dance, fan drum dance, yellow mud drum dance, elephant foot dance, monkey drum dance, flower whip dance, bamboo drum dance, Bell Dance, sheep skin dance and so on.

Zhaozi drum is a unique folk dance form in Hebei Province, which is mainly distributed in Longyao county. Longyao is located in the east foot of Taihang Mountain and the south of Hebei Province. There are Wuhe River, Fuyang River, Lihe River and xiaozhanghe river. In ancient times, the river often overflowed, and the people were helpless. In order to pray for the protection of gods and spiritual peace, the villagers often played big drums, and then gradually formed the Zhaozi drum, originally known as "drum club"; it is also said that Li Shimin brothers fought for the throne, and brothers were fraternal. In order to avoid chasing and killing, they hid in the drum, so they loved the drum, and they would drum it whenever they were happy. "Guhui" was formed in Yongle period of Ming Dynasty.

During the performance of the drum, the dancers wear elegant flat leather drum with a wooden stick about five feet high on the back. On the top of the stick is a colorful feather duster commonly known as "drum drum drum". During the performance, the dancers sometimes swing vigorously, sometimes shake quickly, and the top duster vibrates suddenly. The whole dance is bold, free and easy, vigorous, lively and interesting.

Zhaozi drum dance is beautiful, flexible and diverse, not limited by time and place. It can be divided into marching performance and fixed-point performance. The number of people can be more or less. During the marching performance, the team is divided into two parts. The first part is generally composed of four columns, with two small drums in the middle and one big cymbal or big cymbal on each side. The commander in chief holds the flag to master the speed and rhythm of the team. The other two clowns hold the small fan and step on the drum beat rhythm to wear flowers and amuse in the drum team. The second part is a motor vehicle (used to use a carriage) with a diameter of 1.5 meters There are four or six small horsegongs on both sides. A flag of drum meeting is put on the top of the car. The team moves forward in bursts of majestic drums, integrating performance and music. During the fixed-point performance, the big drum and the Gong stop at one side of the performance venue, the small drum and the big cymbal display their majestic power, and the formation shows endless changes in the powerful drum sound. The performance is mainly composed of small broken steps and squatting steps. The style is elegant and beautiful, and the movements are varied, giving people a strong aesthetic enjoyment.

The national spirit of self-improvement and the national character of passion are melted in the long-standing Zhaozi drum, which shows the enduring artistic charm. Nowadays, due to the fact that the inheritors are old and lack of successors, the performing skills of Zhaozi drum are becoming more and more desolate. The rescue and protection of this excellent folk art has become an urgent task.