Chaozhou Music

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Chaozhou music

Applicant: Shantou City, Guangdong Province

Item No.: 81

Project No.: Ⅱ - 50

Time of publication: 2006 (the first batch)

Category: Traditional Music

Region: Guangdong Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Shantou City, Guangdong Province

Protection unit: Shantou Chaoyang District Cultural Center

Introduction to Chaozhou music

Applicant: Shantou City, Guangdong Province

Chaozhou music is the general name of all kinds of folk instrumental music in Chaozhou, Guangdong Province. In addition to Chaozhou, it is also widely popular in Southern Fujian, eastern Guangdong, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macao, Southeast Asian countries and Chaozhou people's settlements. Chaozhou City is the center and birthplace of Chaozhou music, its source can be traced back to the Tang and Song Dynasties, to the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Chaozhou music originated from local folk songs, songs and dances, ditty, and absorbed the materials of Yiyang tune, Kun tune, qin tune, Han tune, Dao tune and faqu. It is rich in resources and has a wide variety, which can be roughly divided into square music and chamber music. The former includes Chaozhou big gongs and drums, Waijiang gongs and drums, Chaozhou small gongs and drums, Chaozhou Huayin gongs and drums, Chaozhou Bayin gongs and drums, while the latter includes flute set ancient music, Chaozhou string poetry music, Chaozhou fine music, Chaozhou temple music, etc. Chaozhou music is rich in connotation, which can not only express the interest of small bridge and flowing water, but also deduce the epic of strong mountains and rivers. The unique "Er Si Pu" of Chaozhou music is a very old musical form. In its unique rhythm system, the flexible changes of "Si" and "Fa" reflect the unique charm of Chaozhou music. At the same time, it forms many modes of Chaozhou music, such as light six, heavy six, live five, reverse line and so on. In addition, it emphasizes two techniques of making full use of rhyme and improvising. There are more than 20 kinds of musical instruments commonly used in Chaozhou music. The most local characteristics are Erxian, suona, Shenbo, etc. The representative repertoire includes "throwing net fishing", "double biting goose" (big gongs and drums), "Zhaojun resentment", "little peach blossom" (fine music), "yandenglou" (Su gongs and drums), etc. Chaozhou music has its unique composition and aesthetic basis in instrument combination, performance skills, musical structure and variation techniques, which is a very valuable musical cultural heritage.

At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, Wu Bing (Ru Guang, originally from Jiangxi) arrived at Chaozhou with his teacher. After the death of the Song Dynasty, Wu Bing settled down in cotton city of Chaoyang. Therefore, the seeds of court music were sown in Chaoyang. Through the enrichment and development of musicians in the past dynasties, the elegant style and strong local characteristics of Chaoyang flute set music were formed.

As far as its forms of expression are concerned, Chaoyang Ditao music can be divided into Ditao music and Ditao gongs and drums. Flute set music includes flute set ancient music (that is, traditional flute set music) and flute set music which has been integrated and evolved. From the form structure to the melody development, the ancient Ditao music retains the charm of ancient court music. Its style features simple, solemn, elegant, secluded, beautiful, melodious, with a strong traditional Chinese color. Flute sets of gongs and drums include flute sets of small gongs and drums, flute sets of big gongs and drums and flute sets of Su gongs and drums. Flute sets of small gongs and drums refer to flute sets of music with small and exquisite points of gongs and drums. Flute sets of big gongs and drums refer to flute sets of music with big drums, Dou gongs, big cymbals and other large percussion music with large volume. Flute sets of Su gongs and drums refer to flute sets of music with Su gongs and drums.

As far as its generality is concerned, Chaoyang flute set music is a kind of music form. It mainly plays flute, pipe, Sheng and Xiao, and organically matches Sanxian, pipa, guzheng and other string and plucked music. As far as its personality is concerned, Chaoyang flute set music is different from other places in terms of its playing method and timbre, which constitutes an important factor of local characteristics of Chaoyang flute set music - "Chaoyang flavor". In terms of playing methods, Chaoyang flute set music is a traditional (court style) "dragon head Phoenix Tail finger", and the leading flute (horizontal flute) is a 28 section big gong and drum flute.

Due to historical and economic reasons, Chaozhou music has gradually declined. The loss of historical materials and the aging of artistic talents all restrict the inheritance and development of Chaozhou music. Therefore, the relevant parties need to further strengthen the protection.