Dong Pipa song

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Dong Pipa song

Applicant: Liping County, Guizhou Province

Item No.: 60

Project No.: Ⅱ - 29

Time of publication: 2006 (the first batch)

Category: Traditional Music

Region: Guizhou Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Liping County, Guizhou Province

Protection unit: Liping County Cultural Center

Brief introduction of Dong Pipa song

Applicant: Liping County, Guizhou Province

Dong Pipa songs are distributed in the southern Dong dialect area, which can be divided into Lyric Pipa songs and narrative Pipa songs. Its singing content almost covers the history, myths, legends, stories, ancient rules and principles, production experience, love and marriage, customs, social exchanges and other aspects of the Dong nationality. It has been passed on from generation to generation and has a long pulse. Pipa songs reflect the highest level of Dong poetry and are important materials for the study of Dong social anthropology, ethnology and folklore. Most of the national literature and art records include Lyric Pipa songs in the category of folk songs, and narrative Pipa songs in the category of Quyi (called pipa playing and singing). Due to the different types of Pipa used in different places, different local languages, different singing places and different voices, many different styles are formed.

Sanbao Pipa song (also known as Chejiang Pipa song) is a kind of lyric Pipa song. It is accompanied by medium-sized four string pipa, plus Guoji (corbel) Concerto. It is played by men, played by men or played by women, played by men in their native voice and played by women in their low voice. It is mainly popular in Rongjiang county where Sanbao is the center.

Wanzhai Pipa song (also known as 48zhai Pipa song) is not only a kind of lyric Pipa song, but also a kind of pipa playing and singing. The male voice is accompanied by large and medium-sized Pipa with three or five strings, and the female voice is accompanied by small and medium-sized Pipa with three or five strings. It is mainly popular in 48 villages adjacent to Rong and Li counties and 72 villages in Rongjiang county. In the whole Dong area, only 48 villages have women playing Pipa and singing. 72 villages are a kind of narrative Pipa songs. Most of them are accompanied by middle-aged and old male artists playing three or five string pipa. At the invitation of the audience, they sing in the hall or corridor of folk houses, mainly narrative songs or reasoning songs. They are only popular in 72 villages of Rongjiang county.

Pingjia Pipa song (also known as Hongzhou Pipa song) is a kind of lyric Pipa song. It is accompanied by men with a three string Pipa (similar to a corbel). Men play male or female songs, and both male and female voices use falsetto. It is unique. It is mainly popular in the Dong areas centered on Hongzhou town of Liping County and Boyang town of Tongdao County of Hunan Province.

Liudong Pipa song is a kind of lyric Pipa song. It is accompanied by four string pipa, and sung by men or women. It is sung on the occasion of traveling and sitting at night. In the past, both male and female voices used falsetto voice, but now there are also local voices. It is mainly popular in Liping and Congjiang counties, which are commonly known as "Liudong", "Qianwu" and "Shidong".

Rongjiang Pipa song has both lyric and narrative, and its singing form, singing place and singing content are the same as Liudong playing and singing. It is mainly popular in Sanjiang County, Rongshui County, Rongjiang river section of Guangxi Province and Liping county with "four legged cattle" as the center. The main repertoire includes "across the river", "meeting at the beginning", "rough road", "long time no see", "mutual desire" and so on.

Xunjiang Pipa song has both lyric and narrative, and its singing form, place and content are the same as Liudong playing and singing. It is mainly popular in Sanjiang County, Longsheng County of Guangxi Province and Xunjiang River and Qushui basin of Tongdao County of Hunan Province.

Hongzhou Pipa song is popular in Pingjia village, Hongzhou Town, Liping County, Guizhou Province. The village is located 33 kilometers east of Liping County, on the edge of Hunan, Guizhou and Guangxi provinces. Pingjia village was built in the Yongle period of Ming Dynasty (about 1405). It is said that this kind of song was sung here at that time and has been followed up to now. In 1952, the musicians of Guizhou Provincial Cultural Department discovered this kind of Pipa song and selected it to participate in Guizhou Provincial Minority Literature and art performance, and then recommended it to perform in Beijing. Because Pingjia village was under the jurisdiction of Hongzhou at that time, this kind of Pipa song was named "Hongzhou Pipa song".

The most important feature of Hongzhou Pipa songs is that both men and women sing with falsetto, with melodious melody and unique style. Its melody and lyrics are rich, including love songs, filial piety songs, narrative songs and so on. Love songs are the songs of young men and women playing Pipa at home or on the hillside, mainly to pour out their love for each other. The song of filial piety to the elderly is a song sung by young men and women playing Pipa in public places. Its content is how to show filial piety to the elderly. A famous song is called "all young people respect the elderly". Narrative songs are songs sung by older people in drum towers or public places. Most of them narrate national history, major events and folk stories.

Hongzhou Pipa songs are mainly taught to each other in the interest groups of folk spontaneous organizations, but not directly between father and son or relatives. It is the traditional custom of Dong people that the old teach songs, the young sing songs and the children learn songs. Hongzhou Pipa song plays an important role in Dong music. It is the treasure of Dong Pipa songs and the heritage of ancient folk songs. Among the pipa songs, Hongzhou Pipa song is the only one with a false voice. Its Pipa production technology is self-contained, and its performance is popular among the people. It has become an integral part of local life.