Jingdezhen handmade porcelain technology

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Jingdezhen handmade porcelain craft

Applicant: Jingdezhen City, Jiangxi Province

Project No.: 357

Project No.: VIII - 7

Time of publication: 2006 (the first batch)

Category: traditional art

Region: Jiangxi Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Jingdezhen City, Jiangxi Province

Protection unit: Jingdezhen handmade porcelain technology research and Protection Center

Brief introduction of Jingdezhen handmade porcelain technology:

Applicant: Jingdezhen City, Jiangxi Province

Among the first batch of 24 historical and cultural cities in China, Jingdezhen is the only one with its own specialties. Archaeological excavations show that Jingdezhen began to produce porcelain in the Five Dynasties, developed rapidly in the song and Yuan Dynasties, and set up a royal factory in Zhushan in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, becoming a national porcelain manufacturing center.

Jingdezhen hand-made porcelain technology in the important forming process has been initially established in the Song Dynasty. The division of labor within the porcelain industry is becoming more and more refined, and the techniques of drawing, printing, sharpening, repairing, dipping and swinging glaze are widely used to make the porcelain body, and then the techniques of sagger upward firing, pad bowl covering firing and support ring covering firing are used for assembly firing. In the Yuan Dynasty, the "binary matching method" of porcelain stone and kaolin and the technology of blue and white underglaze painting were invented. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the porcelain industry in Jingdezhen was further developed. "A total of 72 pieces of porcelain were made. Among them, micro programs are not enough. "The system of porcelain making handicraft is basically perfect. The processes of mining, washing, making, mud refining, aging, drawing, cutting, painting, glazing, kiln, painting, furnace, porcelain selection and packaging are closely linked. The degree of specialization is increasing day by day. There are skilled craftsmen in all aspects. Jingdezhen's hand-made porcelain industry has reached a historical stage The highest peak in the world.

Jingdezhen porcelain industry custom is an important part of Jingdezhen porcelain making history. Jingdezhen in the Song Dynasty appeared "village kiln fire, household pottery Cuan" landscape, porcelain custom has taken shape. After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the establishment of Zhushan imperial factory and the further expansion of overseas market stimulated the vigorous development of Jingdezhen porcelain industry. As a result, almost all the small kilns scattered in the countryside were concentrated in the urban area, forming a large number of handicraft workshops and absorbing a large number of employees. "Kilns and shops should be 78% of the total, and aborigines should be 23% of the total.".

As a result, Jingdezhen became a ceramic metropolis with the name of "five places" and "18 province wharf", which laid a solid foundation for the final formation of porcelain customs.

During the period of the Republic of China, the outstanding performance of Jingdezhen's porcelain custom was the growing number of Hakka porcelain merchants and the emergence of porcelain shops, porcelain houses and porcelain brands. Each business group has its own porcelain shop, porcelain village or porcelain name. They strengthened the contact between Jingdezhen and other places, and also manipulated the transportation and marketing of Jingdezhen porcelain. The following local customs add new connotation to Jingdezhen porcelain custom.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, with the political and economic changes and the continuous development of mechanized production of porcelain industry, the custom of Jingdezhen porcelain industry began to fade and is now on the verge of extinction. Although some of the traditional porcelain crafts in Jingdezhen have been preserved and developed, a large part of them are still disappearing and dying out, which is in urgent need of rescue and protection.