Ningbo zoushu

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Ningbo zoushu

Applicant: Yinzhou District, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province

Item No.: 760

Project No.: V - 67

Time of publication: 2008 (second batch)

Category: quyi

Region: Zhejiang Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Yinzhou District, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province

Protection unit: xianliu village, Xianxiang Town, Yinzhou District, Ningbo City

Introduction to Ningbo zoushu

Applicant: Yinzhou District, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province

Ningbo zoushu, also known as "Lotus document" and "plowshare document", is popular in Ningbo and its surrounding areas. It originated in the years of Tongzhi and Guangxu in Qing Dynasty, and gradually developed and formed through the processing of modern artists.

Ningbo zoushu's performance has experienced three stages of development. At first, it was a one-man performance of "sit singing", accompanied by an actor singing while playing an instrument; then it evolved into "Li zoushu", where one person sat behind the table and one person sat beside the table; then the singer and the Accompanist sat on both sides of the table, and the singer could walk around on the stage, which is called "outside zoushu". In the early days of the founding of new China, Ningbo zoushu has developed from "sitting singing" to "walking singing", from single file to double file and even double file for men and women. During the performance, a table is set up on the stage, decorated with an exquisite table made of purple velvet, embroidered with the names of the book actors or the quyi team, and placed on the table a folding fan, a handkerchief, and a piece of Xingmu. The singer sits on the left side of the table and the accompanist sits on the right side. During the performance, the two actors sit on both sides of the table, and the band sits at the right rear of the stage. In addition to speaking, singing and playing, actors also need to do "gimmicks" and "fishing" in their performances. "Gimmick" is to make people laugh with funny language and action; "fish" is to play a variety of roles, such as Sheng, Dan, Jing, Mo and ugliness. Ningbo zoushu has many tunes, the most important of which are "sipingdiao", "futiao", "matoudio", commonly known as "laosanmen". In addition, there are more than 30 kinds of tunes, such as "huanhundiao", "Cidiao", "Erhuang", "Sandun" and "357". "Sipingdiao" is generally used as the beginning of the book, and the last sentence is often sung by the band; "Fu Diao" often changes with the plot and character, which can be divided into fast, medium and slow, and is suitable for different situations, such as lament and memory, which is often used in slow Fu; "Matou Diao" is mostly used for narration. Ningbo zoushu has four stringed huqin, pipa, erhu, Sanxian and other accompaniment instruments, with four stringed huqin as the main accompaniment. Libretto generally adopts a seven character sentence with a two two three structure, and rhymes are used at the end of the two sentences, which are subject to the thirteen points of Ningbo sound, and the tones are Tongzhu.

On the eve of the founding of new China, Chen Kaixiang and Jiang Shunhai were the most famous book walkers in Yinxian County of Ningbo, and they had a great influence among the masses. Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, Zhang Zhiqing, Xu Zhiqing and other well-known book walkers have emerged, contributing to the development of this form of Quyi in modern times. Ningbo zoushu's performance bibliography includes historical books such as Dahongpao, lvpao and yingliezhuan, and small books such as shuangzhuqiu, yulianhuan and shimeitu.

At present, due to the impact of foreign culture and the change of cultural ecology, Ningbo's book walking performance market is shrinking day by day. With the disintegration of Quyi team, a large number of Book Walking actors have changed careers, and the book walking art is in an endangered situation, which needs urgent rescue and protection.