Daoqing Opera (Taikang Daoqing Opera)

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Daoqing Opera (Taikang Daoqing Opera)

Applicant: Taikang County, Henan Province

Project No.: 215

Project No.: Ⅳ - 71

Time of publication: 2006 (the first batch)

Category: Traditional Drama

Region: Henan Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Taikang County, Henan Province

Protection unit: Taikang Daoqing art protection and inheritance Center

Introduction to Daoqing Opera (Taikang Daoqing Opera)

Applicant: Taikang County, Henan Province

Daoqing opera is a popular folk opera in the Yellow River Valley in China. It originated from the "Jingyun" sung by Taoists in the Tang Dynasty, and developed into a form of white quyi, Daoqing Gucci, in the Song Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong in Qing Dynasty, rap and Daoqing, which was popular in northern Shanxi, was put on the stage of opera, becoming a popular opera variety among local audiences. Before and after Daoqing in northern Shanxi appeared on the stage of opera, Linxian Daoqing, which was popular in Western Shanxi, also appeared on the stage of opera. Hongdong Daoqing, which was popular in southern Shanxi, also appeared on the stage twice in Xianfeng and Xuantong years, but failed to continue. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, Daoqing plays such as Hedong Daoqing in Jinnan, Shanxi, Zhoukou Daoqing in Henan and Languan opera in Shandong have developed into stage plays.

The early plays of Daoqing mainly reflected the life of Taoism and preached the doctrines of Taoism, such as jingtanghui, erlinying, gaolouzhuang, etc. In the middle stage, most of the plays are stories of Taoist cultivation and good advice, and the representative plays are Wang Xiang lying on ice, Guo Ju burying her son, Xiao Tao grinding, etc. The contents of the plays in the middle and later periods reflect the stories of folk life, and the representative plays include "changing wives between the old and the young", "beating kitchen king", "ceiling lamp", "striking knife" and so on. There are singing tunes in Daoqing operas all over the country. Daoqing opera in northern Shanxi includes playing children, Xijiang moon, and langtaosha. Daoqing opera in Linxian county includes seven character tune, cross tune, Zhongnan tune, luotousha, Yizhimei, taipingnian, and yanzifei. The accompaniment musical instruments of Daoqing opera are dizi, Sihu, dabanhu and xiaobanhu. Except for Yugu and Jianban, other musical instruments in Wuchang are the same as Bangzi. The roles are divided into five elements: Xusheng (Xusheng), Hei (Jingjiao), Sheng (Sheng), Dan (Dan), Chou (Chou).

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, professional Daoqing troupes were established in Yingxian and Linxian counties of Shanxi Province, which further improved and promoted the singing art of Daoqing. After the 1980s, the competition in various forms of art and entertainment has intensified. Daoqing opera has been greatly impacted. There are fewer and fewer amateur folk performances, and professional troupes are in urgent need of rescue and protection.

Daoqing in Taikang county belongs to folk opera art, which is distributed in Taikang and its surrounding areas. It is rare, precious and has a long history. From the late Qing Dynasty to the early Republic of China, Daoqing opera was mature. After the founding of new China, Daoqing opera developed from banshe to troupe.

Taikang Daoqing has a wide range of genres and plays. According to the census, there are more than 30 tunes and tunes, including three categories and five varieties. The three major categories are singing, performance and music; the five major categories are vocal faction, performance program, music system, tunes and percussion. The formation of these categories of Taikang Daoqing includes not only the folk art, but also the sister art, which finally forms the unique characteristics of Taikang Daoqing.

According to census statistics, there are more than 160 ancient costume traditional plays (excluding transplant plays) and more than 60 modern plays (excluding transplant plays). Many of these plays have been lost in a long period of time. At present, there are only more than 70 Taikang Daoqing traditional plays and more than 40 modern plays.

Daoqing opera music can be divided into four categories

String music: Daoqing Hu, erhu, Dahu, Zhonghu; pipe music: suona, Sheng, flute; plucking Music: Thur, brown soft, Sanxian, Zheng; percussion music: Tanggu, dazhanggu, xiaoguzi, gongs (middle, high, low), cymbals, hinges, cymbals, Yugu (Daoqing Jian), mubang, Bangling, etc.

Taikang Daoqing pedigree has four classes, six generations of inheritors, plus the inheritors of Daoqing music mode and orchestration, which is divided into four parts. At present, there are 31 well-known old artists who are the fourth generation inheritors of Daoqing, and the fifth and sixth generations are the main backbone of Taikang Daoqing troupe.

Due to various objective reasons, Taikang Daoqing, which is full of honor, is now in trouble. The party and the government have given a lot of support and done a lot of excavation, rescue, inheritance and promotion work, but there are still many problems that are difficult to solve.