Random play

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Luantan

Applicant: Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province

Item No.: 183

Project No.: Ⅳ - 39

Time of publication: 2006 (the first batch)

Category: Traditional Drama

Region: Zhejiang Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province

Protection unit: Zhejiang Taizhou Luantan Opera Troupe

Introduction to random play:

Applicant: Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province

Taizhou Luantan, formerly known as Huangyan Luantan, was formed in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties and was popular in Taizhou, Wenzhou, Ningbo, Shaoxing, Jinhua, Lishui and other regions. Taizhou Luantan has more than 300 plays, which are often performed, known as "seven pavilions, eight belts, nine notes and thirteen pictures". Seven pavilions include Huilong Pavilion and Lanxiang Pavilion, eight belts include Yuanyang belt and Guayu belt, nine notes include moon worship and white rabbit, and thirteen pictures include Baishou and Shuangshi. In addition, the representative plays include sanxinglu, ziyangguan, hangongqiu, lianhuanji, changshengdian, shandaohui, wuhupingxi, yanghejieyin, jinluoshan, zijinbangle, etc.

Taizhou Luantan is rich in aria, mainly Luantan. It also sings Kunqu Opera, Gaoqiang opera, huidiao opera, Cidiao opera, tanhuang opera and so on. It is one of the rare multi tone Luantan operas in China. Its stage language is characterized by the combination of Central Plains phonology and Taizhou Mandarin, which is full of folk rhyme, easy to understand and unique. There are two kinds of accompaniment instruments: Wenchang and Wuchang. Wenchang is divided into two kinds: music of silk and bamboo orchestras and Suona music. Wuchang is divided into two kinds: gongs and drums for stage playing and gongs and drums for performance. Taizhou Luantan's roles are divided into "upper four feet" and "lower four feet". The "upper four feet" include Sheng, Dan, Jing and Chou, and the "lower four feet" include Wai, tie, Fu and mo. With the development of drama, the classification of business is more and more detailed. In terms of performance, Taizhou Luantan has many unique skills, such as "playing teeth", "double horse riding", "steel fork piercing belly", "throwing fireball", "umbrella hanging hair" and so on, which have been praised for a long time.

Pujiang Luantan, also known as Jinhua Luantan, originated in the late Southern Song Dynasty and formed in the middle of Ming Dynasty. It was popular in Pujiang, Lin'an, Jiande, Tonglu, Wuzhou, Quzhou, Chuzhou, Wenzhou, Taizhou, Jiangxi and Fujian. Because it originated in Pujiang County in the middle of Zhejiang Province, it is called Pujiang Luantan. Based on the local folk song "Cai Lan Qu" in Pujiang, Luantan in Pujiang is developed under the mutual influence of zhugongdiao speaking and singing art and Nanxi. From the end of Southern Song Dynasty to the middle of Ming Dynasty, it has been spread in the world in the form of speaking and singing. In the middle of Ming Dynasty, Luantan in Pujiang changed from sitting and singing to stage performance.

The main tunes of Pujiang Luantan are 357, Luantan Sanjian, erfan, luhuadiao, Pizi and so on, each of which is divided into several banqiang, forming a complete system. The accompaniment instruments can be divided into Wentang and Wutang. Wentang includes dizi, Banhu, kehu, suona, etc. Wutang includes Guban, gongs, cymbals, etc. The technique of playing musical instruments is very high, especially the "357" and the instrumental music "huatoutai". The melody is gorgeous, smooth and stretch, and has the emotional characteristics of high spirited, high pitched, solemn and depressing. Pujiang Luantan's roles are divided into 13 categories, including Huadan, Zhengdan, Tiedan, laodan, Xiaodan, Dahua, Erhua, Xiaohua, Sihua, Laosheng, laowai, vice-president, Xiaosheng, etc. its performance is characterized by martial arts, martial arts and literary works. Its program is standard, rough and powerful, rich in local flavor, and unique in special effects and martial arts performance. There are about 300 Luantan operas in Pujiang, and nearly 200 of them have been collected. The representative operas include Yu Qilin, Bai Huatai, Shou Hongpao, Bi Taohua, Fenghuang mountain, Quanjiafu, Zui Da Shanmen, the blind man takes the traitor and sells rouge. After liberation, Pujiang Luantan has become one of the main tunes of Wu Opera. Now there are no professional and amateur troupes of Pujiang Luantan, but there are still dozens of folk troupes in Pujiang County.

Taizhou Luantan and Pujiang Luantan are precious remains of national folk culture and "living fossils" of traditional Chinese opera. They have high research value in historical origin and artistic form. However, under the impact of the economic tide, Luantan performance groups are shrinking, actors are out of date, audiences are losing a lot, and there are difficulties in the transmission of operas, so it is urgent to rescue and protect them.