Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Huagu Opera
Applicant: Yueyang County, Hunan Province
Project No.: 713
Project No.: Ⅳ - 112
Time of publication: 2008 (second batch)
Category: Traditional Drama
Region: Hunan Province
Type: new item
Applicant: Yueyang County, Hunan Province
Protection unit: Yueyang Huagu opera inheritance Research Institute
Introduction to Huagu Opera:
Applicant: Yueyang County, Hunan Province
Huagu opera is the general name of "Huagu", which is popular in Hunan, Hubei, Anhui, Zhejiang and other places. Fan Wenruo's legendary works in the late Ming Dynasty depict the dramatic scene of singing flower drum, showing the initial appearance of this artistic form. Flower drum singing originated from folk songs, and then gradually developed into "two little plays" performed by one clown. In the process of practice, it draws lessons from the performance mode of local opera, absorbs various artistic factors, and finally develops into an independent local opera. The tunes of Huagu opera basically belong to the combination of Qupai, supplemented by some plate changes. Performance means are rich and diverse, lively, with distinctive local characteristics and folk song and dance style. Traditional plays mainly reflect the production and labor, love between men and women, family conflicts and other folk life content. In the later development, some new works reflect modern life.
There are 123 traditional operas in Yueyang Huagu opera. Its tune music can be divided into "Gong tune" and "qin tune". The "Gong tune" can be divided into "South Road Gong tune", "North Road Gong tune" and "special Gong tune Sanqu". The "qin tune" can also be divided into "Zheng Diao qin tune" and "qin tune minor tune". Shaoyang Huagu opera is rich in singing and many tunes. It has formed a music system which integrates three kinds of tunes: chuandiao, paipai and Xiaodiao. Its performance and music can be divided into East, South and West according to the basic artistic style.
The main tunes of Huaibei Huagu opera include "Suzhou tune", "Huibei tune", "kouzi tune flat", "Hanban" and so on. Its performance is also unique, with the most characteristic of "Huagu big walk", which is considered as the "unique work" of Huaibei Huagu opera. There are four main tunes in South Anhui Huagu opera, namely "taoqiang", "beizhuozi", "Siping" and "Beiqiang", and there are also Huaqiang composed of dengqu and folk songs. Its traditional plays include "sweeping flower hall", "beating melon garden", "false good news", "when tea garden", "beating mending nails" and so on. The singing tune of Suizhou Huagu opera can be divided into four major modes: "mandiao", "Jidiao", "liangshandiao" and "Caidiao". Macheng Huagu opera, also known as "dongluzi", has "Dongqiang", "ergaoqiang", "Erxing", "Dui Qiang", "tanqiang" and "Xiaodiao" in its singing, and "flower selling", "Pearl Tower", "gaodiba" and "naogongtang" in its repertoire.
Huagu Opera
Huagu Opera
Twelve tones of bronze drum - Tong Gu Shi Er Diao
Guozhuang dance (Changdu Guozhuang dance) - Guo Zhuang Wu Chang Dou Guo Zhuang Wu
Single string music (including Chaqu) - Dan Xian Pai Zi Qu Han Cha Qu
Foshan woodcut New Year pictures - Fo Shan Mu Ban Nian Hua
Manufacturing technique of Wan'an compass - Wan An Luo Pan Zhi Zuo Ji Yi
Woodblock printing technology - Diao Ban Yin Shua Ji Yi
Green tea production technology (Enshi Yulu production technology) - Lv Cha Zhi Zuo Ji Yi En Shi Yu Lu Zhi Zuo Ji Yi
Cooking techniques of beef and mutton - Niu Yang Rou Peng Zhi Ji Yi Yue Sheng Zhai Jiang Shao Niu Yang Rou Zhi Zuo Ji Yi
Dragon Boat Festival (custom of Dragon Boat Festival in Qu Yuan's hometown) - Duan Wu Jie Qu Yuan Gu Li Duan Wu Xi Su
Folk social fire (Yixian social fire) - Min Jian She Huo Yi Xian She Huo