Tunchang County, Hainan Province

Tunchang County, a county directly under the central government of Hainan Province, is located in the north of the central part of Hainan Island, between 109 ° 45 ′ - 110 ° 15 ′ E and 19 ° 8 ′ - 19 ° 37 ′ n, with a total area of 1231.5 square kilometers. Tunchang County has a tropical monsoon climate characterized by drought in spring, high temperature and humidity in summer, typhoons in summer and autumn, cool and rainy in winter. As of January 2017, Tunchang County has eight towns under its jurisdiction. The county government is located in Tunchang County. By the end of 2019, there are 271500 permanent residents in Tunchang County.

Tunchang County was established not long ago. Its predecessor, Xinmin County, was formerly the border region of Qiongshan, Ding'an and Chengmai counties. In 1988, Hainan Province was established, and Tunchang County was directly under the jurisdiction of Hainan Province. As of May 2012, Tunchang County has 55 kilometers of national roads, 25 kilometers of provincial roads, 126 kilometers of county roads and 425 kilometers of village roads, with a total length of 631 kilometers. The main tourist attractions in Tunchang County include musehu scenic spot, jialetan tourist resort, yuyuling ecological park, etc.

In 2019, the GDP of Tunchang County will reach 8.565 billion yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 5.0%, and the growth rate will drop by 1.7%. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 3.045 billion yuan, an increase of 2.7%; the added value of the secondary industry was 1.034 billion yuan, an increase of 3.2%; the added value of the tertiary industry was 4.486 billion yuan, an increase of 7.0%.

Historical evolution

It is said that Tunchang was originally a wasteland. During the late Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty, wars were frequent. People who fled from the southeast coast of China fled to Tunchang in order to cultivate and prosper, so it was named Tunchang.

Tunchang County, formerly under the jurisdiction of Xinmin County, was once the border region of Qiongshan, Ding'an and Chengmai counties in history.

In Song Dynasty, Hainan had four prefectures, Qiongshan, Yazhou, Danzhou and Wanzhou.

In the Yuan Dynasty, Tunchang belonged to Qiongshan in the north, Chengmai in the West and Ding'an in the southeast.

In the Ming, Qing and even the Republic of China, although the grass-roots system and administrative divisions were constantly changing, the counties still belonged to Qiongshan, Chengmai and Ding'an.

In February 1948, the QiongYa District Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to merge the Second District of Chengmai County (Xichang township of today's Tunchang County) and the Sixth District of Qiongshan county (Xinxing Town, Datong Township, Tunchang Town, Huangling Township, tengzhai Township and Nankun town of today's Tunchang County) to form Xinmin county. The county government is located in kongguitou village of today's Nankun.

In February 1949, Dingxi special district was established in Nanlu, Wupo, Fengmu, Beihai and lingmen townships of an County; in the same year, tunchangxu was transferred to Xinmin county.

In 1950, Dingxi special district was incorporated into Xinmin county.

In July 1952, Xinmin county was renamed Tunchang County, which belongs to Hainan administrative region of Guangdong Province.

In December 1958, Tunchang County and Ding'an County were merged to form Dingchang county.

In May 1961, the two counties were separated and Tunchang County was restored.

In 1988, Hainan Province was established. Tunchang County was directly under Hainan Province.

administrative division

Division evolution

In 1949, Xinmin county and Dingxi special area extended to Jiusuo, Longtang and Shibi in Ding'an County in the East, Sihe, Xinshi, Jiaying and Limushan in Qiongzhong County in the south, Xiangjia and Xiaoshui in Baisha County in the west, Nandujiang in the west, Xinzhu in Ding'an County in the north, Xinwu, Shifu, Haijun and xichangxu in Chengmai County in the north, with a total of 769 villages under its jurisdiction.

In October 1955, at that time, Xichang market, Renjiao Shangcun, Renjiao Xiacun, Qushi, niulutou, Dapo, Nanyang garden, shuangguanling, Shuijin, Xiashui, Jiaheng, Liren, Liren Xincun, chagenshan, tiaoyanpo, Nanxi, Dapo, LIAOSHAN, Qingyun, hegedun, meicaiyuan, zhujepo, Shangpin garden, longjiangdun, Shangling, Xincun, Dawu, Dayan, etc The villages of laocunyuan, Sanpan, Shuichao, Jiucun, jialingpo, shufangyuan, meiyuyuan, Xincun, Tulong, Furong, Shenchang, Nantian, Chagen, mumianlang, Xichangyuan, Jiahao, Xin'an, Goukou, yashiyuan, jialepo, Nanwei and Jiabang are under the jurisdiction of Tunchang County.

In December 1956, Xixi, Yaozi, Dabao, Nanli, rongmu, Damu, Nanlao, Jiali, Songtao, Ganyong, Xinlin, yapo, Jiazhang, Huangluo, lingmen, Xinzi and Dapo were under the jurisdiction of Qiongzhong County.

On March 2, 1957, Nankun, Shiling, Zhongchang and Shilei were assigned to Qiongzhong County.

In 1958, Buwen and Dongfeng brigades of Ding'an County were incorporated into Tunchang County.

In November 1961, Nankun, Nanlao, Shilei, Shiling, Zhongchang and Daqu brigades of Qiongzhong County were merged into Tunchang County.

Zoning details

As of January 2017, Tunchang County has eight towns under its jurisdiction, and the government is located in Changsheng Road, Tuncheng town.

geographical environment

Location context

Tunchang County is located in the north of the central part of Hainan Island, between 109 ° 45 ′ - 110 ° 15 ′ E and 19 ° 8 ′ - 19 ° 37 ′ n, at the north foot of Wuzhi Mountain and the South Bank of Nandu River. It borders Ding'an County and Qionghai City in the East, Qiongzhong Li and Miao Autonomous County in the south, and Chengmai County in the West and North. It is 55 kilometers long from north to South and 52 kilometers wide from east to west, covering an area of 1231.5 square kilometers.

geology

The geology of Tunchang County has experienced many changes and development of crustal movement. The oldest rock formation in Tunchang County is the early Paleozoic Middle Lower Silurian strata about 440 million years ago. At that time, the Leiqiong area was in the process of crustal decline, a vast ocean, accepting the deposition of the whole basement strata. Later, a global Caledonian movement occurred on the earth's crust, the sea and land changed, the sea water withdrew from the county, and Tunchang rose to land. Up to 330 million years ago, the crust of Hainan declined, and Tunchang County was located in the depression zone, receiving late Paleozoic deposits. About 250 million years ago, the Hercynian movement occurred and the crust rose, ending the Paleozoic history of the county. With the intensification and continuation of the Hercynian Indosinian movement, a large number of magmatic intrusions occurred. The Qiongzhong large granitic batholith formed in the area extends into the county. Under the condition that the crust rises and suffers constant erosion, the southwest and southeast mountain areas of the county are formed, and the old rocks are scattered. From 167 million to 70 million years ago, there were many strong Yanshanian movements, which resulted in the intrusion of the largest Tunchang granite in Hainan. After the intrusion of the above magmatic rocks, the solid basement of granite in the county was formed.

In the early Cretaceous of Mesozoic, about 140 million years ago, the southwest, Southeast and northeast of Tunchang County were affected by the descending of three fault depressions, especially in the northeast of Xinxing Town, which was affected by the subsidence of leiming fault depression in Ding'an, which created conditions for the deposition of continental gravels in Cretaceous. Later, the fault basin gradually recovered to land, ending the Mesozoic geological history.

In the 40 million years ago, Tunchang County was affected by the Himalayan movement and accompanied by the uplift of the Wuzhishan mountain in Hainan, which made the southwest region rise relatively. Due to the long-term weathering and denudation in Tunchang County, the present geological and geomorphic types are formed.

topographic features

Tunchang County is located in the north of Wuzhi Mountain. The whole terrain is high in the southwest, low in the northeast and flat in the middle. The mountain system of Limu mountain and Wuzhishan mountain inclines to the Northeast in a wave style, forming the remaining veins of jizuiling sidingling and nanluling haizhuling, which encircle maple, Wupo, poxin and Tunchang qiugu basin from west, South and East.

The topography of Tunchang County can also be summarized as "two hills with one valley, basin between hills, South platform connecting North platform". The two hills refer to: one is the diewa type hill from jizuiling to jianshiling; the other is the wavy type hill from nanluling to haizhuling. One valley refers to the Longzhou River qingti valley between the two hills; inter basin refers to the Nankun tengzhai Huangling Xichang Basin formed between the hills; and the basin to the west of nanluling haizhuling. The connection between the South platform and the North platform means that the Wupo platform basin in the south of the county is followed by the new platform in the north of the county.

According to the classification criteria of landforms, the landforms of Tunchang County can be divided into four major categories: plain area ranges from Hongling, BAISHILING and YANGJIAOLING in the north, with an altitude of about 200m; to daling, dapingling and nanluling in the East, with an altitude of 328m-778m; to niuguling, chunhualing, Yunling, lingweiling and beijiling in the west, with an altitude of 224m-480m; and to poliao, guanlang and huanggupo villages in the south The area (the high mountains in the south are between 250m and 500m) spans the central and southern parts of Nanlu town. More than 80% of the area is in the plain with a slope of less than 3 ° and only a few gentle slopes of 5 ° to 7 ° with a relative height of less than 20 meters. This kind of land accounts for 10.4% of the total area of the county.

climate

Tunchang County has a tropical monsoon climate characterized by drought in spring, high temperature and humidity in summer, typhoons in summer and autumn, cool and rainy in winter.

The annual average temperature of Tunchang County is 23.5 ℃, the highest is 28.3 ℃, and the lowest is 20.3 ℃. The annual average temperature of Nankun Town, tengzhai Township, Zhongjian farm and Chenxing farm is between 23.1 ℃ and 23.2 ℃, and that of other areas is between 23.4 ℃ and 23.6 ℃. The average monthly temperature of the whole year is between 17 ℃ and 28 ℃. On January 2, 1974, the annual average extreme minimum temperature was 4 ℃ in Nankun town and Zhongjian farm, 4.5 ℃ in tengzhai Township and Chenxing farm, and 6.3 ℃ in other areas. The annual extreme minimum temperature is - 0.60 ℃ in Nankun Town, - 0.2 ℃ in Zhongjian farm, - 0.7 ℃ in Chenxing farm, 2 ℃ in Wupo Town, and 3.4 ℃ in the farming area.

There is abundant rainfall in Tunchang County, with an average annual rainfall between 1960 mm and 2400 mm. The annual rainfall of Zhongjian farm is 2395 mm, that of Nankun town is 2221 mm, and that of other areas is 1960 mm