Duanmen

Duanmen, located between Tiananmen Gate and Meridian Gate, has the same architectural structure and style as Tiananmen Gate.

Duanmen

Duanmen is said to be the South Tianmen gate of Ziwei palace and Taiwei palace. There are two doors in the east of Duanmen, named zuoye gate and Youye gate.

In ancient China, the South Gate of the imperial city was often named Duanmen. Such as the end gate of Luoyang Imperial City in Sui and Tang Dynasties, and the end gate of Beijing Imperial City in Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Duanmen is the South Gate of the Imperial City (Taiwei city) of Luoyang City in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. In the first year of Daye of the Sui Dynasty, when Emperor Yang of the Sui dynasty built Luoyang City, he chose the highland to build the Imperial City, named Taiwei city. The South Gate of Taiwei city is the Duanmen gate. On the Duanmen gate is the Chonglou, which is called Taiwei ("Taiwei" is also one of the names of Tiangong).

In the spring and January of Daye, Luoyang, Tokyo was built. On the afternoon of March, Sui Yang emperor drove from Jiangdu to yique, Longmen in April, and entered Tokyo City along the central axis of the imperial city. According to historical records, Sui Yang emperor "ruled the Duanmen gate, granted amnesty and exempted the world from taxes this year.".

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Historical evolution

Duanmen was built in 605, the first year of Daye. In April of the next year, Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty arrived in Luoyang from Jiangdu and boarded the Duanmen gate to celebrate the completion of Dongdu, which means moving the capital.

In 621, after Li Shimin conquered Luoyang, he ordered the demolition of Duanmen tower.

In the fifth year of Zhenguan period (631), Dou Li, a great craftsman, was restored,

After that, it was not abandoned until the song and Yuan Dynasties.

Duanmen is the main gate of Luoyang City in Sui and Tang Dynasties. There is a famous Lantern Festival Lantern Festival in history, which took place at the Duanmen of Luoyang City in Sui and Tang Dynasties. The initiator of Duanmen denghuo was Emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty.

According to Zizhitongjian, Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty called the kings of all countries to Luoyang during the Lantern Festival in the sixth year of Daye (610),

"In Duanmen street, there are a hundred operas. There are 5000 steps around the theater, and there are 8000 people holding silk and bamboo. They have heard about it for tens of miles. From dusk to dusk, the lights are shining in the sky and the earth, and they stop at the end of the month. They spend a lot of money, and they think it's normal.".

Since then, Duanmen lights have become world famous, and even foreign envoys have come to watch them. Some scholars in the field of history believe that the custom of enjoying lanterns on the Lantern Festival originated in Luoyang, while the custom of laying lanterns on the tower originated in Duanmen.

geographical environment

Duanmen south of Luoshui, open avenue, is opposite to Duanmen, named Duanmen Street (a Tianjin Street). One hundred steps wide, two rows of cherry and pomegranate planted along the road.

Cloth lamp custom

Dingding gate (Sui Jianguo gate) is the main gate of Luoyang City, Duan gate is the main gate of Imperial City (Taiwei city), and Yingtian gate is the main gate of palace city (Ziwei city).

Duanmen is the main gate of the imperial city of Luoyang in Sui and Tang Dynasties. There are also magnificent towers on the gate, which was called Taiwei in Sui Dynasty. Its specific location is about 200 meters west of Luoyang Bridge on the North Bank of Luohe River. Duanmen is the South Gate of Taiwei City, facing south, which is very spectacular.

A hundred steps south from Duanmen, you'll reach the Luohe River. In ancient times, the water potential of Luohe River was great. The imperial court used Luohe River to create a beautiful waterscape city. Luohe River was artificially divided into three waterways in front of Duanmen, and each waterway was built with bridges, which looked very spectacular. The first waterway is the main river Luo river, which crosses the famous Tianjin bridge; the second waterway is Huangdao canal, on which Huangdao bridge is built; the Huangjin bridge built on the third waterway is the best, which can be opened and closed at any time, realizing semi automation.

In this way, the front of Duanmen is very busy. People come and cars go on the three bridges, and boats move frequently on the three waterways. On the East-West line of the city wall of Duanmen, there is Youye gate one kilometer to the West and zuoye gate one kilometer to the East. There is a large square in front of Duanmen.

Because Duanmen is close to Luohe River, it is quite open around. People often set off fireworks here.

Fireworks can be seen in the palace city in the north of Luo, the east city in the East, and Lifang District in the south of Luo. In addition to setting off fireworks, lanterns were also set up in the tower of Duanmen, especially in the Lantern Festival. In the Song Dynasty, there is a saying that "the crane descends, the imperial edict flies, the dragon holds the candle, and tens of thousands of lanterns in Duanmen".

The initiator of Duanmen denghuo was Emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty. According to Sima Guang's Zi Zhi Tong Jian, "in the spring of the sixth year of Daye (610), in the first month of kuihai, the Emperor (emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty) gathered together Luoyang and Ding Chou, the chief of all the Tibetan tribes, and flourished Chen Baixi in Duanmen street. There were 5000 steps around the theater, and 8000 people were holding silk and bamboo. They heard about it for tens of miles, and they were dazzled by the lights. It cost a lot of money to stop at the end of the month. I think it's normal when I'm old.

”Hu Sansheng of Song Dynasty pointed out: "Ding Chou, the 15th of the first month. Today's people enjoy the Lantern Festival, and Gai began to flourish here. " Sui Yangdi's poem "building lanterns in the thoroughfare on the new year's Eve and ascending the south tower at night" says: "lanterns shine a thousand lights, and flowers and flames bloom seven branches." Lantern Festival is first of all the Lantern Festival. The second is recreation. "Music annals of the Sui Dynasty" describes the Lantern Festival in the era of emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty as follows: "in the first month of every year, all nations come to the dynasty, and stay until the 15th, outside duanmenwai and inside Jianguomen, stretching for eight Li, which is listed as a theater. Officials from the shed clip Road, from faint to Dan, to look at it. At the end of the day. All the craftsmen wear colorful clothes. Most of the singers and dancers were women's clothes, singing hoops, decorated with flowers, and nearly 30000 people. In Tianjin Street Sheng Chen Baixi, from the sea where there is a strange trick, all the best. All the ornaments are made of jade, gold and silver, and embroidered with brocade. Its operating expenses are billions. The sound of gold, stone and paoge is heard tens of miles away. More than 18000 people are playing strings and pipes. Great column of torch fire, light candle heaven and earth, the flourishing of all kinds of drama, vibration ancient incomparable. I think it's always the same every year. "

From these historical records, we can see how lively and grand the Lantern Festival was in the Sui Dynasty. The Lantern Festival of the Sui Dynasty was a carnival of 15 days, with colorful lanterns and lanterns, splendid costumes, dazzling curiosities, colorful operas, and endless singing and dancing. In the Sui Dynasty, there were more than 18000 rhythm musicians and 30000 singing and dancing performers. The stage was eight Li long, and the sound of singing and dancing was heard tens of miles away. Can you imagine how lively the Lantern Festival is in the Sui Dynasty.

Address: between Tiananmen Gate Tower and the Forbidden City

Longitude: 116.397371

Latitude: 39.910402