Baoguang Temple
It is said that Baoguang temple was built in the Eastern Han Dynasty, but there is no history to study. In the Sui Dynasty, it was called Dashi temple, and the pagoda in the temple was called Fugan pagoda. In 880 ad, Huang Chao uprising army of Tang Dynasty conquered Chang'an. The following year, Tang Fu Zong fled to Sichuan, built a palace in the temple, and ordered Wu Da to rebuild the temple. At night, Tang Fu Zong saw Baoguang under the Fugan tower in the temple, so he changed the name of the temple to Baoguang temple.
However, it has preserved the typical layout of early Chinese Buddhist temples with "one pagoda and one Pagoda in the center". It seems that the temple was built in the Sui Dynasty at the latest, and whether it was called Baoguang temple at that time is still unknown. However, according to the latest materials of the stele of Shi Yi Gong De unearthed in the temple in May 1996, it was called Baoguang temple in the 29th year of Kaiyuan (741). The pagoda in the temple is called Baoguang pagoda. Xindu, a pearl inlaid in the Chengdu Plain, is 18 kilometers away from the urban area of Chengdu. It is one of the three capitals of ancient Shu. Located in Xindu County, Baoguang temple is a cultural relic protection unit in Sichuan Province and one of the "four Buddhist forests" in the south. It is recognized as a Buddhist temple with the longest history, the largest scale and the richest collection of cultural relics in Chengdu. More than one million people visit and worship it every year. Baoguang temple was first built in the Eastern Han Dynasty. After war, it was rebuilt several times and finally became the current scale. It is said that emperor Xizong of Tang Dynasty fled to Sichuan due to the Huangchao uprising. At night, he saw the auspicious light coming from the Fugan Pagoda in the temple. Then he dug out a stone box containing 13 relics. So he changed the name of the temple to "Baoguang Temple". He put the relics under the pagoda and changed the name of the pagoda to "wugujingguan pagoda", also known as Baoguang pagoda. Baoguang tower is slightly inclined to the west, known as "Oriental leaning tower". It is said that in ancient times, when the pagoda was crumbling, Buddhists risked their lives to protect it. They moved the emperor of heaven and sent four gods as high as the pagoda to support them. One of them pushed too hard and the tower tilted westward.
origin
It is said that Baoguang temple was built in the Eastern Han Dynasty. According to the record of three treasures of Jishen xuanta Temple written by Zhong Nanshan Dao's lawyer, Yang Xiu, the king of Shu, dug the ground here in the Sui Dynasty and got a big stone, so Zen master Zhishen built a nine level forest tower on the stone. At that time, every time there was drought or flood, the officials and people prayed for rain in this week, and there was a response. Therefore, the name of the temple was "Zai Shi", and the name of the tower was "Fu Gan". At the end of the Tang Dynasty, when Huang Chao uprising, Fu Zong went to Shu and stayed in Jianxing palace. Xizong saw the light coming out of the ground at night, and called the eminent monk to ask the Dharma. Metaphysics means that there must be relic underground. The emperor ordered to dig it, and the fruit was a stone letter, which contained thirteen pieces of relic, crystal clear. Therefore, Emperor Fu ordered xuanjian to build a brick pagoda at level 13, which was named Baoguang. Treasures in the temple: Baoguang Temple relic, bronze tripod, thousand Buddha stele, pottery pagoda, dragon tiger vase, Jun kiln vase, parrot, five horses, Xu Beihong's galloping horse and other precious cultural relics.
Historical evolution
Tang dynasty
In the fifth year of Huichang (845), Emperor Wuzong of Tang Dynasty, Li Yan ordered to demolish more than 4600 big temples and 40000 small temples. Baoguang temple was doomed and Baoguang tower was destroyed. In 847, Baoguang temple was restored, but Baoguang tower has not been rebuilt.
On the fifth day of December in the first year of Tang Guangming (that is, on the eighth day of January in 881 A.D.), the Huang Chao uprising army defeated Chang'an, and Li Fu, Emperor Fu of Tang Dynasty, fled south to Shu under the protection of five hundred Shence troops. In May of the first year of Zhonghe (July, 881), Fu Zong passed through Xindu and once stayed in Baoguang temple. Later, he felt that the environment here was very good, and it was not far from Chengdu, so he built a palace behind the temple (the two plinths of the palace terrace are under the pillars in front of the seven Buddha Hall). When he arrived in Chengdu, he immediately sent Guo zuntai with the emperor's "seal" to welcome Zhixuan, a monk living in seclusion in Jiulongshan, Pengzhou, to accompany him.
On the 8th of March in the third year of Tang Zhong (883), Fu Zong had been fortunate to Shu for nearly three years. It is said that this evening, he was depressed in the palace, so he went for a walk in the temple. All of a sudden, when he saw the glow on the ruins of Baoguang pagoda, he was in a panic and asked what happened to master Wuda? Wuda replied: "this is the light of the relic, which is a sign of good luck. Now the Yellow nest is flat, your majesty can return to Chang'an.". Xizong was very happy and asked people to excavate it. Sure enough, he found a stone letter in the pagoda palace. There were 13 pieces of Buddhist relics in the letter. They were crystal clear and shining. So he ordered master Wuda to rebuild the pagoda and expand the Buddhist temple. The pagoda is named Wugou Jingguang pagoda, and the Buddhist temple is still called Baoguang temple. At that time, there were more than 1000 monks in the temple, "none of the Buddhist temples in Sichuan flourished here.". Therefore, master Wuda was regarded as the founder of Baoguang temple in Tang Dynasty.
Song dynasty
In the Song Dynasty, the eleventh generation founder of Chinese Zen Linji sect, foguo Keqin, was founded in Zhaojue temple in Chengdu. In the third year of Daguan (1109), he was abbot of Baoguang temple and expanded the scale of the temple. He asked Emperor Huizong of Song Dynasty to grant Baoguang temple the name of Dajue temple. According to the Qing Dynasty Daoguang stele "Baoguang temple to create the end of the end of the rehabilitation," said: "song Yuanwu Zen master practice, received thousands of people.". The temple entered the peak period of Song Dynasty.
Yuan dynasty
In the Yuan Dynasty, temples were once dilapidated. In the early Ming Dynasty, Shi Zimei and others donated money to build Baoguang temple. In the 11th year of Yongle (1413), monk xinkong built the stone Sutra building of Zunsheng tuoroni mantra in the temple. Later, the temple was destroyed by fire. During the reign of Zhengde of Ming Dynasty (1506-1521), Baoguang temple was donated by Yang Tinghe, the first assistant University scholar of the current Dynasty, and Yang Shengan, the first scholar of the new capital, and his son.
Late Ming and early Qing Dynasty
Baoguang temple was destroyed in the war between the late Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty. In the ninth year of Kangxi reign of the Qing Dynasty (1670), the mountain breaking monk of shuangguitang in Liangshan County, Sichuan Province sent his disciple, Zen master Xiaozong Yinmi, to Baoguang temple. With the support of Bi Chengying, the magistrate of Xindu County, and the local gentry, he cut the thorns and cut the thorns to revive the Taoist temple. He is known as the first generation old monk of Baoguang temple in the Qing Dynasty. During the two hundred years from Kangxi to Guangxu, Baoguang temple, together with Manjusri temple, Zhaojue temple and Caotang temple in Chengdu, became the "four fine blue" near Chengdu. Together with Manjusri temple in Chengdu, Jinshan Temple in Zhenjiang and Gaomin temple in Yangzhou, they are the "four great jungles" in the Yangtze River Basin, that is to say, "there are Manjusri and Baoguang above and Jinshan and Gaomin below"
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the Republic of China era
During the period of the Republic of China, Baoguang temple has always maintained the lofty status of the Buddhist Zen jungle. The abbot monk Yonghe Guanyi has a great influence in the Buddhist circles in China. Among the "four elite blue" temples in Chengdu, Baoguang temple is especially famous for carrying out the Zen sect's rules. At that time, among the Guadan monks, there was a saying: "to eat and drink, go to Zhaojue; to go to the market, go to the thatched cottage; to close pigs, go to Manjusri; to sit incense, go to Baoguang.". More than half of the monks in Mt. Emei are ordained in Baoguang temple. Therefore, Baoguang temple is known as "e Bantang". Many of the monks and nuns who received the precepts in Baoguang temple have made great achievements in their studies, and some of them have become well-known figures in Chinese Buddhist circles
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After liberation
After liberation, Baoguang temple was protected by the people's government. In 1956, Baoguang temple was listed as a cultural relic protection unit in Sichuan Province. Especially in the "Cultural Revolution", many temples in China were damaged to varying degrees. However, Baoguang temple's halls, Buddha statues, plaques, couplets, calligraphy and painting and other cultural relics were basically intact, making it the most typical and well protected Buddhist Zen jungle in China. With the further implementation of the national policy of reform and opening up, Baoguang temple, as a national key temple and famous tourist spot, will increasingly play a huge role.
Architectural landscape
Overall structure
The building of Baoguang temple is of wood and stone structure, with more than 400 stone pillars. It is mainly composed of one tower, five halls and sixteen courtyards, surrounded by walls and surrounded by green trees. On the central axis, the word "Fu" stands in the order of Zhaobi, Shanmen hall, Tianwang hall, relic tower, seven Buddha Hall, sutra collection building and Zixia mountain; on both sides, there are bell tower, Drum Tower, guest hall, Yunshui hall, Zhaitang, Jietang, Luohan hall and Zen Hall. The eastern Zhang and the Western Zhang are symmetrical, showing the overall style of Chinese Buddhist temple. Baoguang temple is the only early Buddhist temple in China with "one temple and tower in the center" The typical layout of the temple. Built in the Tang Dynasty, the relic Pagoda in the temple is a 30 meter high square brick Pagoda with dense eaves.
Structure of Luohan Hall
Luohan hall was built in the first year of Xianfeng (1851) of the Qing Dynasty. There are 59 Buddhas, Bodhisattvas and grandfathers inside, and 518 Arhats, each about 2 meters high