Dalaoling National Forest Park

Dalaoling National Forest Park is the first National Forest Park in the Three Gorges area of Hubei Province. It is 108 km away from the central city of Yichang and 50 km away from the Three Gorges dam. It is located in the center of Hubei Province's "one river and two mountains" tourism development plan and the intersection of the Three Gorges and Shennongjia. In the south, it is adjacent to dengcun Township, the first township of organic tea in China, in the west, Qu Yuan's hometown, and in the north, Zhaojun's hometown. Tianzhufeng, the main peak of the park, is 2008 meters above sea level. It is the highest peak at the head of the Three Gorges Dam, and has been known as "Three Gorges cloud top" since ancient times.

Dalaoling National Forest Park

Dalaoling National Forest Park is located at the junction of Yiling District, Zigui County and Xingshan County of Yichang City, Hubei Province, on the North Bank of Xiling Gorge of the Yangtze River. The total area of the forest park is 5972hm2, the forest coverage rate is 98%, and the volume of standing trees is 500000 m3. There are 2085 species of vascular plants belonging to 768 genera of 179 families in the park, including 37 species of state key protected plants such as Taxus chinensis and Davidia involucrata, and 185 species of terrestrial vertebrates belonging to 134 genera of 59 families, including 26 species of state key protected animals such as musk deer and leopard. The Park enjoys the reputation of "plant treasure house", "animal paradise", "Green Guardian of dam", "green gene bank" and "Lushan of Yichang".

In 1992, the former Ministry of forestry approved the establishment of Dalaoling National Forest Park.

geographical environment

Location context

Dalaoling National Forest Park is located at the junction of Yiling District, Zigui County and Xingshan County of Yichang City on the North Bank of Xiling Gorge of the Yangtze River. It is close to the North Bank of the reservoir head of the Three Gorges project, and its geographical coordinates are 100 ° 52 ′ 47 ″ - 111 ° 00 ′ 21 ″ east longitude and 30 ° 00 ′ 13 ″ - 31 ° 04 ′ 07 ″ north latitude. It is 98km away from the center of Yichang City, Hubei Province and 50km away from the Three Gorges Dam, with a total area of 5972hm2.

topographic features

Dalaoling National Forest Park has an average sea level of 1700m, belonging to the subtropical Zhongshan landform. The park is located in the eastern edge of the second step of China's grand landform. It is the transition section from Daba Mountain, Wushan mountain and Wuling mountain to Jianghan Plain depression. It is the Jingshan mountain at the eastern end of Daba mountain system. Generally, it is a medium high mountain. The terrain is centered on Tianzhu Mountain, the highest peak of the park. It is in the shape of a hat and decreases to the surrounding areas. The ridge mainly extends along the East, West, South and northwest directions, and the valley mainly extends along the East, West, South and northwest directions The highest altitude is 2005m, that is, Tianzhu Mountain; the lowest altitude is 960m, that is, qianjinyuan; the relative height difference is 1045m. Due to the geological process and strong weathering, the granite parent material in the park is full of bare peaks and boulders.

climate

Typical subtropical monsoon climate zone. It has four distinct seasons and fresh air. The annual maximum temperature is 28 ℃, the annual minimum temperature is - 15 ℃, and the average temperature in summer is 21 ℃. It is a natural summer resort.

vegetation

There are abundant forest vegetation types in Dalaoling National Forest Park, which are distributed from low to high as follows: evergreen broad-leaved forest belt below 900 m altitude, evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest belt at 900-1800 m altitude, temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest belt above 1800 m altitude. There are 8 vegetation types and 50 formations in the garden, which shows the diversity and representativeness of the ecosystem.

Resources

Animal resources

As of March 2010, there are 18 species of mammals in Dalaoling, belonging to 6 orders and 12 families. They are: 1 species of hedgehog in Insectivora, 1 species of monkey in primate, 1 species of rabbit in Lagomorpha, 2 species of flying squirrel in rodent and 1 species of porcupine, 8 species of Mustelidae in Carnivora, 2 species of civet, 2 species of Canidae and 1 species of Ursidae, 5 species of pig, 2 species of deer and 2 species of Bovidae in Artiodactyla. The distribution of macaques and other species reflects that they belong to tropical species. Among them, there are 10 species in Oriental realm, accounting for 55%, 1 species in Palaearctic realm, accounting for 5.5%, 7 species in Oriental realm and Palaearctic realm, accounting for 38.8%. There are 6 kinds of animals under the second level national key protection, including macaque, civet, jackal, forest musk deer, hyenas and gazelle, accounting for 27.3% of the total 22 kinds of animals under the national key protection in Hubei Province. There are 9 species of key protected mammals at the provincial level, including red and white flying squirrel, porcupine, raccoon dog, hog badger, civet, black bear, wild boar and muntjac, accounting for 45% of the total 20 species of key protected mammals at the provincial level. 12 species of hedgehog, grass rabbit, red and white flying squirrel, porcupine, weasel, badger, civet, raccoon dog, black bear, wild boar and muntjac are listed as beneficial or important economic and scientific research value under state protection (including 9 species of animals under provincial key protection).

There are 72 species of birds in Dalaoling, belonging to 10 orders and 26 families. Among them, there are 2 species of Falconidae, 1 species of Falconidae, 6 species of pheasant, 1 species of crayfish, 3 species of dove, 3 species of cuckoo, 1 species of owl, 1 species of Nighthawk, 3 species of kingfisher, 1 species of dyseidae, 3 species of woodpecker, 2 species of swallow, 3 species of Sandpiper, 3 species of shanjiaoniae There are three species of Bulbul family, three species of braucaceae, one species of Oriole family, two species of curly tail family, one species of Starling family, four species of crow family, one species of river crow family, 14 species of sandpiper family, four species of tit family, one species of Hydrangeae family, two species of wenniaceae family and three species of sparrow family. Among the 67 species of breeding birds of resident and summer migratory birds, 35 species (52.2%) belong to Oriental realm, 17 species (25.3%) belong to Palaearctic realm, and 15 species (22.3%) belong to Oriental realm and Palaearctic realm.

Among them, there are 8 species of national key protected birds. All of them are iris, red bellied eagle, swallow falcon, red bellied horned pheasant, spoon chicken, red bellied golden pheasant and spotted head bunting and other birds under the second class national protection, accounting for 10% of the total 80 species of birds under the national key protection. Among them, 50% of the pheasants are red bellied horned pheasant, spoon pheasant, white crowned long tailed pheasant and red bellied pheasant, which show the characteristics of forest birds in Western Hubei. There are 27 species of birds under special protection, such as bamboo grouse, pheasant, pearl necked turtledove, red winged wind cuckoo, big cuckoo, common Nighthawk, Dai Sheng, star headed woodpecker, swallow, Golden Swallow, tiger pattern Shrike, red tailed Shrike, brown backed Shrike, black naped Oriole, black curly tail, Myna, songbird, red billed Blue Magpie, magpie, big billed crow, blackbird, red billed Acacia, Shoudai (bird) and big tit. The birds listed as beneficial or of important economic and scientific research value under state protection include the grey breasted bamboo chicken, pheasant, common Yangji, turtledove, pearl necked turtledove, fire turtledove, red winged crested cuckoo, hawk cuckoo, great azalea, common Nighthawk, Common Kingfisher, blue emerald, Dai Sheng, spotted woodpecker, big spotted woodpecker, star headed woodpecker, swallow, golden waist swallow, white coot, tree pipit Pink pipit, dark grey cuckoo, long tailed Piper, red tailed Piper, collared Pycnonotus, yellow buttoned Pycnonotus, black (short footed) Pycnonotus, Tiger Striped Shrike, red tailed Shrike, brown backed Shrike, black naped Oriole, black curled Shrike, grey curled Shrike, Starling, red billed Blue Magpie, Magpie Robin, chestnut necked warbler, black faced warbler, thrush, white cheeked warbler, orange winged warbler, red billed Acacia, brown warbler, yellow bellied warbler, longevity belt There are 56 species (including 27 provincial key protected species), including (bird), great tit, yellow bellied tit, red headed (long tailed) tit, dark green embroidered eye bird, sparrow, swallow, golden winged (bird), common rosefinch and sandaomei.

plant resources

Dalaoling National Forest Park belongs to the subtropical evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest zone in the forest vegetation division of China. The total area is 5972hm2, the forest area is 5753hm2, the forest coverage rate is 96%, and the forest volume is 395000 m3. According to incomplete investigation, there are 1003 species of vascular plants belonging to 500 genera and 140 families in the park, including 68 species of pteridophytes belonging to 35 genera and 18 families and 935 species of seed plants belonging to 465 genera and 122 families. According to the distribution types of families, there are 28 families in the world, 67 families in tropical distribution (mainly pantropic distribution, accounting for 53 families), 44 families in temperate distribution, and 1 family endemic to China. There are 500 genera of vascular plants in the park, including 35 genera of pteridophytes, 15 genera of gymnosperms, 383 genera of dicotyledons and 67 genera of monocotyledons. According to the living types of genera, there are 48 genera in the world, 138 in the tropics, 298 in the temperate zone and 16 in the parks. The above distribution shows that: (1) the flora is obviously temperate; (2) the diversity of plant species; (3) the geographical elements are complex and the geographical connection is extensive; (4) it has strong antiquity. Therefore, it can reflect the ecological characteristics around the Three Gorges dam area to a great extent, which is very representative.

As of March 2010, there are 1003 species of vascular plants belonging to 500 genera and 140 families in Dalaoling. Among them, 68 species belong to 35 genera and 18 families of pteridophytes, 935 species belong to 465 genera and 122 families of seed plants. Among the seed plants, there are 27 species of gymnosperms belonging to 5 families, 15 genera, and 908 species of angiosperms belonging to 117 families, 450 genera (791 species of dicotyledons belonging to 107 families, 383 genera, and 117 species of monocotyledons belonging to 10 families, 67 genera). According to the statistics of plant characters, there are 163 species of arbors in 46 families, 91 genera; 225 species of shrubs in 21 families, 77 genera; 554 species of herbs in 70 families, 298 genera; 61 species of lianas in 3 families, 34 genera.

According to statistics, there are 193 kinds of edible plants in Dalaoling, including 18 kinds of edible oil plants, such as Ginkgo biloba