Hunan Opera

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Hunan Opera

Applicant: Hengyang City, Hunan Province

Project No.: 157

Project No.: Ⅳ - 13

Time of publication: 2006 (the first batch)

Category: Traditional Drama

Region: Hunan Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Hengyang City, Hunan Province

Protection unit: Hengyang Xiangju Art Co., Ltd

Introduction to Hunan Opera:

Applicant: Hengyang City, Hunan Province

Hunan opera is the most important local opera in Hunan Province. It is popular in 17 counties and cities in the east of Hunan Province, Pingshi, Qimen, Lechang, guitou, Lishi and Shaoguan in the west of Gannan and Guangdong Province. Because it used to take Changsha and Xiangtan as the activity center, it is also called Changsha Xiangxi. Hunan opera combines Kunqiang, Gaoqiang, tanqiang and zaqu ditty. From the early Ming Dynasty to Jiajing, Kunqiang and Yiyang tunes, which were introduced into Hunan, were combined with local dialect and folk music to form Hunan opera.

There are many Hunan opera repertoires in Hengyang, including 6 liantai operas, 113 whole operas and 465 Sanzhe operas. Fengshenbang, yuefeizhuan, mulianzhuan, jinyinmao, toujoji, baituji, baiyueji, sijinshi and qishuanghui are all representative operas.

The roles of Hunan opera are divided into 12 lines, including dabanba, erbaanba, singer, Xiaosheng, dahualian, Erhualian, Zilian, sanhualian, Zhengdan and GongDan. Xiaosheng can be divided into Wenjin, luomao, pheasant tail and mangdun, and has four styles: poor, literate, rich and martial. Hunan opera performance fully absorbs the artistic factors of Kunqu Opera, singing and dancing, lively, there are a number of plays famous for modeling and Gongjia. In Shengxing's performance, the slipper Road, the independent boat Road, the drunken road and the big footed woman road all have distinctive characteristics. There are more than 300 tunes in Hunan opera, mainly southern tunes. Besides the South and North tunes, there are also anti South tunes, anti North tunes, flat tunes, Anqing tunes, Qichui and a half tunes. When singing, it is accompanied by suona and flute. The accompaniment of Hunan opera can be divided into civil and military scenes. In Wenchang, orchestral instruments such as Erxian, Yueqin, flute and suona are used for singing, while in Wuchang, percussion instruments such as Guban, big cymbals and big and small gongs are used for performance.

After hundreds of years of artistic practice, Hengyang Hunan opera has become an independent opera in Hunan. Tan Baocheng is the founder of the tan School of Hengyang Xiangju opera. His performance is deeply influenced by Kunqu Opera, which is vigorous, elegant and unique. In October 1952, he starred in "Zui Da Shan Men", which was highly praised by Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and other party and state leaders, as well as Mei Lanfang and other famous performing artists.

Kunqu Opera created Hengyang Hunan opera, which regards Kunqu Opera as its soul and combines the elegant Kunqu opera art with regional culture to achieve the realm of enjoying both refined and popular tastes. This practice of localizing and localizing foreign elegant art is of great value in the study of opera history and even art history. At present, due to the impact of modern culture, the relationship between Hunan opera and the audience is getting weaker and weaker, coupled with the lack of funds, brain drain and other issues, the survival of Hunan opera is facing a grim situation, which is worthy of attention.