Nuo dance (Zhanjiang Nuo dance)

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Nuo dance (Zhanjiang Nuo dance)

Applicant: Mazhang District, Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province

Project No.: 110

Project No.: Ⅲ - 7

Time of publication: 2008 (second batch)

Category: traditional dance

Region: Guangdong Province

Type: Extension Project

Applicant: Mazhang District, Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province

Protection unit: cultural center of Mazhang District, Zhanjiang City

Introduction to Nuo dance (Zhanjiang Nuo dance)

Applicant: Mazhang District, Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province

Nuo dance is a primitive dance with the nature of sacrificial rites in traditional society, which has a long history. It is said that there were the titles of "Da Nuo" and "Xiang Ren Nuo" in the Zhou Dynasty, which gradually became an important part of the national orthodox ritual system after the Han Dynasty. Nuo dance aims at driving away pestilence and praying for peace, which has strong participation of the masses. During the performance, the dancers wore masks, shouting and chasing, which attracted many followers, and the scene was very lively. Nuo dance is widely spread all over the country, especially in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui of the Yangtze River Basin and Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu and Hebei of the Yellow River Basin. Among the minorities in Southwest China, there are many kinds of exorcism instruments and Exorcism dances with various forms and complicated functions.

Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, was a region of Baiyue in ancient times. Before the Qing Dynasty, it was a part of Leizhou Prefecture and Gaozhou Prefecture. Zhanjiang Nuo dance is a kind of traditional dance in ancient Zhanjiang area, commonly known as "zouqingjiang", "kaobing", "wuliujiang" and "wuerzhen". It is popular in Huguang and Taiping in Mazhang District of Zhanjiang City, Nanxing, Songzhu, Leigao, Yangjia, Baisha, Fucheng, Shentang in Leizhou City, Huangpo and Bopu in Wuchuan City.

According to records of Leizhou Prefecture: "since the 12th, it has been said to" turn on the lights "for 15 nights. Every night, colorful lanterns or three or four hundred for a team, or five or six hundred for a team, set off firecrackers, fire fireworks, install ghosts judge all kinds of drama, bamboo gongs and drums play repeatedly, visitors reach dawn. The city is the most important. Among the villages, there are Nuo, which is called "sending disaster". There are also Nuo on the 28th or the 12th of February. " Zhanjiang Nuo dance is performed in the activities of offering sacrifices to Lei Pai from the 13th to the 28th of the first lunar month or on the 12th of February, with the activities of Lei Shougong and five directions Lei Gongjiang as the main content.

The Nuo ceremony was held in front of the temple by Taoists to light candles, incense, paper treasures and sacrifice to the gods. Then they issued orders, issued Fu, invited the five color flag team, Babao team, piaose team, gongs and drums team, Nuo dance team and other soldiers to practice in front of the altar, and then went to every family to drive ghosts and Exorcism to protect the peace. After that, the hordes of the hordes went to all the lands in the villages and towns to worship. After the wandering God, the team returned to the temple square and held another sacrificial ceremony until the end.

The masks of Zhanjiang Nuo dance are very prominent, including wooden mask, Cugu mask, cow leather mask and caileng mask with regional characteristics, and Lei Nuo mask which has been preserved for more than 600 years. Mask shape, martial uninhibited, rough and fierce, elegant and elegant, is the inheritance of ancient Leizhou Peninsula people's respect for thunder culture, is a unique folk art.

Zhanjiang Nuo dance is the oldest folk art in Zhanjiang area, which reflects the ancient Leizhou Peninsula people's custom of respecting and worshiping thunder. It has the research value of religion, folk custom, history and culture. In recent years, the poor inheritance of Zhanjiang Nuo dance has affected the survival and development of the whole dance. At present, Zhanjiang municipal government is making great efforts to excavate, sort out and study this ancient form of folk culture, in order to form an atmosphere of "social participation and common protection", so as to achieve the purpose of effective protection and promotion of inheritance.