Yangko (Jiaozhou Yangko)

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Yangko (Jiaozhou Yangko)

Applicant: Jiaozhou City, Shandong Province

Project No.: 105

Project No.: Ⅲ - 2

Time of publication: 2006 (the first batch)

Category: traditional dance

Region: Shandong Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Jiaozhou City, Shandong Province

Protection unit: Jiaozhou Cultural Center

Introduction to Yangko (Jiaozhou Yangko)

Applicant: Jiaozhou City, Shandong Province

Yangko is a kind of popular and representative folk dance in China (mainly in the North). There are different appellations and styles in different regions. In the folk, the appellation of Yangko can be divided into two kinds: those who walk on stilts are called "stilt Yangko", while those who don't walk on stilts are called "ground Yangko". In modern times, "Yangko" mostly refers to "diyangko". Yangko has a long history. Among the folk dance teams introduced by Zhou Mi in old stories of Wulin in the Southern Song Dynasty, there is a record of "cuntian music". In the Qing Dynasty, Wu Xilin's new year's miscellaneous chants, there is a clear record of the relationship between the existing Yangko and "cuntian music" in the Song Dynasty. At present, yangko dance teams are the main form of yangko dance in various places. The number of dance teams is less than ten, and more than 100. There are not only group dance, but also duet dance, three person dance and other forms of performance. According to the needs of the characters, they hold the corresponding handkerchief, umbrella, stick, drum, money whip and other props, and dance heartily with the accompaniment of percussion instruments such as gongs and drums, suona and so on. The dance methods, movements and styles of Yangko vary from place to place. Some of them are powerful and powerful, while others are soft and beautiful.

Yangko is one of the most representative folk dances in northern China. It is not only performing, but also entertaining. It is deeply loved by the common people. There have been some representative folk Yangko artists all over the country, and many folk artists have played an important role in the construction of new China's dance industry. With the rapid development of rural economy and the change of cultural environment, there are few folk artists who can master the traditional Yangko skills and pure dance style, so the protection and inheritance work needs to be carried out urgently.

Jiaozhou Yangko is one of the three major Yangko in Shandong Province. It is also known as "diyangko", "playing Yangko", "qiaoyangko", "twisting waist", "sandaowu" and so on. It is popular in dongxiaotun village, Jiaozhou City, Shandong Province. Jiaozhou Yangko originated in Xianfeng Period of Qing Dynasty. According to the description of song Guanwei's Yangko lyrics of Qing Dynasty, it is speculated that the dance movements, trade names, costumes and props of Jiaozhou Yangko at that time were basically the same as those of today.

Jiaozhou Yangko has the roles of plasterer, Cuihua, fannv, Xiao, Bangchui, GuZi, etc. the basic movements are "Cuihua twist three steps", "paifan", "Xiao twist", "Banghua", "ugly drum eight states", etc. the performance procedures include "prologue", "running field" and "Xiaoxi". The running field formation includes "cross plum", "four door fight", "two door", "positive and negative heart digging" ”There are also plays such as "seeing off my daughter", "Sanxian", "xiaoguxian" and "double push mill". In Jiaozhou Yangko, women's dance moves are heavy lifting and light waist floating, walking like wind swinging willow, full of toughness and curve beauty, "twisting waist", "three bends" as its representative actions; "Bangchui" action is light and crisp free and easy; "GuZi" action has "ugly drum eight States", and its charm is unique. Its music is composed of percussion music, suona brand and folk minor. There are 72 original plays of Yangko, 135 of which are extant. There are more than 100 Yangko teams in Jiaozhou. Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, relevant personnel have excavated Jiaozhou Yangko seven times, and now it has been listed as one of the teaching materials of Han nationality dance. In 1996, Xiaotun village was awarded the title of "hometown of Chinese folk art" by the Ministry of culture.

Jiaozhou Yangko originated in the countryside, is active in the folk, and changes spontaneously in the development. It is a square folk art of spontaneous participation, free venting and self entertainment of the masses. It shows the unique body-building and emotional charm of rural women in Jiaodong, and has high aesthetic value and artistic research value.