Mongolian chuoer

The name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Mongolian chuoer

Applicant: Altay, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Item No.: 633

Project No.: Ⅱ - 134

Time of publication: 2008 (second batch)

Category: Traditional Music

Region: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Type: new item

Applicant: Altay, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Protection unit: Altay Cultural Museum (Altay intangible cultural heritage protection center, Altay Art Museum)

Brief introduction of Mongolian chuoer

Applicant: Altay, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Mongolian chuoer, also known as "Maodun Chaoer", also known as "Hujia" and "Chaoer", is a kind of edge Qi musical instrument. It came into being in the Qin and Han Dynasties. It is recorded in Taiping Yulan, Yuefu Shiji, ShuoWenJieZi and other traditional books and records. In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, it has been widely popular in the Altay area of today's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.

In the early period of Mongolian chuoer, there were two shapes: one was made of reed, which was popular in Mongolian areas; the other was made of wood, which was popular in Han areas of Central Plains. After the Qing Dynasty, Mongolian chuoer was basically made of wood. Different from all traditional Chinese wind instruments, Mongolian chuoer is the only woodwind wind instrument with no reed and plug, and both sides are transparent. The diameter of the two ends of the wind pipe is the same, and the length is generally 60 cm. According to the current information, Mongolian chuoer has a total of 38 traditional playing repertoire, and the representative works are waves of the EBI River, running water of the Hawa River, Kanas River, bright flowers, etc.

When Mongolian chuoer is playing, the pipe body is upright, the player holds the pipe in both hands, holds the index finger and middle finger of both hands respectively on the three sound holes, and the upper pipe mouth is close to the lower lip to blow air to pronounce, which can play a pentatonic scale of 12 degrees. Its performance technique is very unique, often with throat sound blowing or combined with pipe sound at the same time. Mongolian chuoer has a strong national color, and is good at playing Mongolian long tune music. Its timbre is soft, beautiful and natural. It can be used for Solo, ensemble or accompaniment.

The Mongolian chuoer with one pipe and two tones is the most primitive specimen of the traditional edge Qi Ming instrument and wind instrument, which has an extremely important reference value in the study of the history of national music. At present, due to the changes in the natural ecological environment and social production mode, the survival and development of Mongolian chuoer art is in an extreme predicament, leaving only one inheritor, so the rescue and protection work is urgent.