southern accent

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Nanyin

Applicant: Quanzhou City, Fujian Province

Project No.: 102

Project No.: Ⅱ - 71

Time of publication: 2006 (the first batch)

Category: Traditional Music

Region: Fujian Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Quanzhou City, Fujian Province

Protection unit: Quanzhou Art Museum (Quanzhou Minnan cultural and ecological protection center, Quanzhou Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Center)

About Nanyin:

Applicant: Quanzhou City, Fujian Province

Nanyin, also known as "xianguan" and "Quanzhou Nanyin", is one of the oldest existing music in China. During the Han, Jin, Tang and Song Dynasties, the immigrants from the Central Plains brought the music culture into the southern Fujian area with Quanzhou as the center, and integrated with the local folk music, forming a cultural form of expression with the lingering charm of ancient music in the Central Plains Nanyin.

Quanzhou Nanyin is performed in the form of right Pipa and Sanxian, left Dongxiao and Erxian. The clapper is in the middle while singing, which is in the same line with the performance form of Xianghe song in Han Dynasty. Its gongchi notation has its own system, which is a legacy of the ancient musical notation. The pipa with curved neck played by Hengbao, the Dongxiao with ten eyes and nine knots, the clapping board with two strings and three strings are all inherited from ancient musical instruments. There are more than 2000 pieces of instrumental and harmonic music in Nanyin repertoire, including Jin Qing business music, Tang Daqu, faqu, Yan music, Buddhist music, CI music and opera music since Song, yuan and Ming Dynasties. Nanyin is sung in standard Quanzhou dialect, and its pronunciation retains the ancient Chinese phonology of Central Plains. When singing, we should pay attention to the pronunciation and pronunciation. Nanqu has beautiful melody, slow rhythm, simple and elegant, euphemistic and affectionate.

Quanzhou Nanyin is composed of three parts (commonly known as "Zhi", "Pu", "Qu") which are "Dapu", "Sanqu" and "Zhitao". "Zhi", that is "Jiaotao", also known as "divertimento", is a complete divertimento with words, music, fingering (that is, pipa playing fingering). Each set consists of two to seven pieces of Sanqu, with a total of 50 sets, which are classified into "Guanmen" and "gunmen", including "Zilai", "Acacia on a piece of paper", "taking advantage of the flower lamp", "heart and liver broken" and "for you". "Pu" is a titled instrumental divertimento with pipa playing method. It is a titled instrumental divertimento without lyrics. It mainly plays pipa, Dongxiao, Erxian and Sanxian. Each set includes three to more than ten Qupai, a total of 16 sets. The contents mainly describe the scenery of the four seasons, flowers, birds and insects, or the galloping horses, among which the famous ones are "four seasons", "plum blossom" (plum blossom Gymnastics), "walking" (eight horses), "returning" and "hundred birds homing". "Qu" is Sanqu, also known as caoqu, which is only sung but not spoken. It is composed of four main musical instruments: Pipa, Dongxiao, Erxian and Sanxian. The content can be roughly divided into lyric, scenery and narrative. The content of the lyrics is mainly based on the legends of the Tang Dynasty, the storybooks and the stories of drama characters in the song, yuan and Ming Dynasties. Among them, the songs such as mountain precipitous, leaving the Han pass, Gongjun breaking the contract, and seeing my brother and sister-in-law off are widely spread.

Quanzhou Nanyin has a deep mass foundation. As a form of cultural expression of cultivating sentiment and entertaining oneself, it is closely related to the life of Minnan people. Almost all the places where Minnan people live have folk Nanyin associations. In addition to Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Xiamen, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan in Southern Fujian, Quanzhou Nanyin also spread to the Philippines, Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Myanmar, Vietnam and other countries. It has become a spiritual link to maintain the hometown of overseas Chinese and Taiwan compatriots, and has also played a positive role in enhancing the sense of national identity.