Xinjiang Uygur Muqam Art (Hami Muqam)

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Xinjiang Uygur Muqam Art (Hami Muqam)

Applicant: Hami, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Project No.: 101

Project No.: Ⅱ - 70

Time of publication: 2006 (the first batch)

Category: Traditional Music

Region: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Type: new item

Applicant: Hami, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Protection unit: Hami Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Center (Hami East Tianshan Guyi Culture Research Institute)

Xinjiang Uygur Muqam Art (Hami Muqam)

Applicant: Hami, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Xinjiang Uygur Muqam art is a large-scale comprehensive art form integrating song, dance and pleasure. It is mainly distributed in the Uygur inhabited areas of southern, northern and eastern Xinjiang, and also widely spread in Urumqi and other large, medium and small towns.

Uighur Muqam art originated from folk culture and developed in the palaces and official residences of oasis city states. Through integration and development, it has formed an artistic style of diversity, comprehensiveness, integrity, improvisation and popularity, and has become an outstanding form of expression of Uighur.

Xinjiang Uygur Muqam art lyrics include philosopher's admonition, Prophet's admonition, rural slang, folk stories, etc., in which there are folk songs and literati's poems, which are the vivid expression of Uygur people's mind. The music form of Uygur Muqam art is rich and diverse, with a variety of temperament, complex modes, beat, rhythm and combination of various accompaniment instruments, showing distinct national characteristics and strong appeal.

Xinjiang Uygur Muqam art has formed the most representative twelve Muqam, Turpan Muqam, Hami Muqam and Daolang Muqam schools in the development of its cultural space.

Hami Muqam is a large Uyghur Music Suite with a long history, a large length and a complete structure, which is popular in Hami area of eastern Xinjiang. There are 12 sets of "qiongdur Muqam" and "wulukdur Muqam", including 7 sets of two movements (i.e. two sets of tracks), a total of 258 tracks and thousands of lines of lyrics. In the process of its formation and development, Hami Muqam, on the basis of "izhou music" in the western regions, absorbed the music art nutrition from the Central Plains, Central Asia and Western Asia to varying degrees, and embodied the characteristics of cultural diversity in terms of lyrics, style and structure. Hami Muqam has gone through the process of spreading and integrating from the folk to the palace, and finally back to the folk. Through the continuous singing and sorting of folk artists, it has formed a complete set form. Each set of Muqam is composed of the prefaces of Sanban and the structural sequence of 4 / 4, 7 / 8, 5 / 8 rhythm songs and 2 / 4 rhythm songs and dances, reflecting the typical integrity characteristics. The naming method of Hami Muqam keeps the tradition of Uygur nationality, and each set of Muqam's name has retained the Uygur's name until now, such as "wulukdur Muqam", "hihiyo lanmuqam", "kanikam Muqam" and so on, which is very unique in Xinjiang.

Influenced by the process of modernization, the aesthetic taste of the contemporary Uygur people is constantly changing, especially the young generation know little about the cultural value of hamimuqam, so we must take various effective measures to protect and inherit it.