Deep drilling and swabbing technology of Zigong well salt

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: deep drilling and swabbing techniques of Zigong well salt

Applicant: Zigong City, Sichuan Province

Item No.: 414

Project No.: VIII - 64

Time of publication: 2006 (the first batch)

Category: traditional art

Region: Sichuan Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Zigong City, Sichuan Province

Protection unit: Sichuan Jiuda salt (Group) Co., Ltd

Brief introduction of Zigong well salt deep drilling and swabbing Technology:

Applicant: Zigong City, Sichuan Province

Sichuan well salt source has a long history. According to literature records and expert research, zhuotang well in Daying county was founded in Qingli period of Northern Song Dynasty, more than 800 years earlier than that in the West. The history of China's drilling technology, history of China's science and technology, history of China's well salt science and technology and other books all call him "the father of the world's oil drilling" and "the pioneer of mechanical drilling". Compared with Daying County, Zigong is famous for its large-scale well salt mining.

In the most prosperous period of well salt industry in history, there were 1711 zhuotang wells with an annual output of more than 4000 tons of salt. Now there are 41 such ancient salt wells in Daying County, which are distributed within a radius of 6 kilometers. It follows the technological process of well salt preparation in Song Dynasty, including drilling, extracting brine, drying brine (filtering brine), frying salt and so on. The invention of well salt technology led to the emergence of rope drilling technology, which made the natural brine deep underground be exploited. Zigong, known as the salt capital of China, is the birthplace of percussive drilling technology. This technology has experienced the gestation period of large shallow wells from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the early Song Dynasty, the transformation period of zhuotang wells in the Song Dynasty, and the mature period of small deep wells from the Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty. It has a history of more than 1900 years. In 1835, the world's first ultra kilometer deep well, Haijing (1001.42m), was drilled, which was an important symbol of the maturity of China's drilling technology and played a role in promoting the development of drilling technology in the world. Drilling technology includes well drilling, logging and deviation correction, cavity filling, fishing, repairing wooden columns and other processes. Its wide application in well salt production made Zigong known as "Fujia quanchuan" as early as the Qing Dynasty. Zigong was "established as a city for salt" in the 28th year of the Republic of China, and now it has developed into a historical and cultural city with a population of 3.2 million.

Zigong City and Daying county's well salt swabbing technology has been handed down for nearly a thousand years, and its process is still intact. It has become a living fossil of deep well drilling in the world, so we should take practical measures to protect it.