Weaving and dyeing techniques of Uygur felt and printed fabric

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: weaving and dyeing skills of Uygur flower felt and printed fabric

Applicant: Turpan, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Item No.: 373

Project No.: VIII - 23

Time of publication: 2006 (the first batch)

Category: traditional art

Region: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Type: new item

Applicant: Turpan, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Protection unit: Xinjiang desert Earth Art Museum

Introduction to weaving and dyeing techniques of Uygur felt and printed fabric:

Applicant: Turpan, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Xinjiang Uygur has a long history of weaving, printing and dyeing, among which the tapestry and printing and dyeing cloth are the most famous. According to the traditional custom of Uygur people, every place in the room should be carefully decorated. Wool felt is one of the traditional handicrafts for room decoration. It is mainly used for Kang paving, floor paving, pad worshipping and wall hanging, etc. it was still widely used until more than ten years ago. At present, although it is rare, a few people who sleep on earth Kang are still using it.

There are many kinds of felt, including pressed felt, printed felt, painted felt and embroidered felt. There are more than 100 patterns of flower felt and printed cloth, including Shouzi pattern, Huiwen pattern and Bogu pattern influenced by Han culture, Arabic style geometric and flower pattern, unique Uygur daily necessities and tools pattern, Islamic style Jinghu pattern and holy shrine pattern, and even some patterns spread in ancient western regions. With rich patterns and bright colors, huafelt patterns reflect the living conditions of the Uygur people and the long history of foreign and Han cultural exchanges, and have high humanistic and artistic value.

The printing and dyeing skills of Uygur people are mainly colorful printing, including block printing and dyeing, tie dyeing and wood model stamping. Among them, wood model stamping is the most popular, used and has the longest history. People have long used color printed cloth as cotton padded robe lining, waist towel, cover sheet, curtain, door curtain, dust cushion cover, wall hanging, worship sheet, wall cloth and Kang cloth.

The technology of wood pattern stamping is to use the carved wood pattern dipped in various natural plant and mineral dyes to stamp on the hand-made white cloth, so that a variety of different wood pattern can be combined to form a color printed cloth. The colorful printed cloth designed and produced by the majority of folk artists is gorgeous, some of which are fine and can be called art treasures. There are more than one hundred patterns in wood pattern printing cloth. However, there are no figures and animals in these patterns, which is caused by the religious rule that Islam can not express objects with souls.

Making felt and color printed cloth are traditional handicrafts handed down from generation to generation by Uygur people. Since the 1980s, people's living conditions have gradually improved, and their lifestyles have also changed accordingly. As a result, tapestry has gradually disappeared. Most urban and rural residents in Xinjiang have moved into new houses, and they no longer need wall cloth and Kang cloth. The use of color printed Tapestry in Uygur people's life is decreasing, and no one is interested in it in the market. In this situation, the artists of tapestry and color printing changed careers one after another, and their descendants no longer inherited this ancient art. At present, most of the old craftsmen in the world are in their twilight years, and the ancient handicrafts are in urgent need of rescue and protection.