Guangdong embroidery (Chaozhou embroidery)

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Yue embroidery (Chao embroidery)

Applicant: Chaozhou City, Guangdong Province

Item No.: 319

Project No.: Ⅶ - 20

Time of publication: 2006 (the first batch)

Category: traditional art

Region: Guangdong Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Chaozhou City, Guangdong Province

Protection unit: Chaozhou Institute of Arts and crafts

Introduction to Yue embroidery (Chaoxiu)

Applicant: Chaozhou City, Guangdong Province

Yue embroidery is a folk embroidery craft that has been popular in Guangzhou and its ancient territories, such as Nanhai, Panyu and Shunde. It has a history of more than 1000 years. Lu Meiniang, a girl from the South China Sea, has been recorded in Du Yang Za Bian written by Su Yan of Tang Dynasty as "extremely skillful and capable of embroidering seven volumes of FA Hua Jing on silk".

Guangdong embroidery techniques pay attention to the combination of material shape and quality, including silk velvet embroidery, gold and silver thread embroidery, thread embroidery and bead embroidery. Real velvet embroidery takes silk as its embroidery material and has strong expressive force. It is a kind of Guangdong embroidery with the longest history and the most complete inheritance of skills. The needlework of gold and silver thread embroidery is unique, with more than 60 kinds of seven categories, including flat embroidery, weaving embroidery, winding embroidery, convex embroidery, cushion embroidery, applique embroidery and brocade. Bead embroidery is a new kind of Guangdong embroidery, which has been developed and applied by Guangdong embroidery artists in recent decades.

Guangdong embroidery has a long history in Guangdong. Chaozhou embroidery appeared in Chaozhou area in Tang Dynasty and spread to Ming Dynasty. It takes dragon and Phoenix, flowers, birds and animals, Shui characters as the theme, and the finished products are mostly used as daily necessities, sacrificial supplies, appreciation supplies, costumes, etc. There are five kinds of embroidery methods: embroidery, padding, pasting, patching and patching. There are more than 200 kinds of needling methods, such as six point three fold stepping needle brocade, padding cotton over gold needle, double Ding scale, padding chrysanthemum side scale and so on. Many works use different embroidery and needling methods, and there are some innovations. For example, the representative work of Chaoxiu, Jiulong screen, uses five embroidery methods. Among them, the unique embroidery method of nailing gold cushion makes the image of dragon vivid.

Yue embroidery has its own craft. It has varied needling methods and uniform needling steps. It can skillfully use needling methods and silk texture to express the texture of objects. Guangdong embroidery has a wide range of themes and rich colors. It pays attention to the harmonious use of light and shadow. At the same time, it can also achieve the purpose of "work" for "art". It attaches great importance to the artistic effect of embroidery.

Guangdong embroidery embodies the talents and wisdom of artists of all ages. It is full of Lingnan characteristics from artistic style to creative thinking. Its growth process is closely combined with the development of Lingnan culture. Huang Hong, Xu Liancheng, Yu De, Huang Mei and Chen Heying are influential inheritors of Guangdong embroidery. Now, with the death of the old artists, some of the unique skills of Yue embroidery have been gradually lost. Ms. Chen Shaofang, the only master craftsman of Yue embroidery, is nearly 70 years old. Yue embroidery urgently needs young inheritors. Today, with the continuous development of social economy and the rapid progress of science and technology, Guangdong embroidery, which relies on manual skills, has been seriously impacted by machine embroidery and computer embroidery. The market is shrinking and it is difficult to survive. It urgently needs support and protection.