Manchu embroidery (Jinzhou Manchu folk embroidery)

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Manchu embroidery (Manchu folk embroidery in Jinzhou)

Applicant: Guta District, Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province

Project No.: 856

Project No.: Ⅶ - 80

Time of publication: 2008 (second batch)

Category: traditional art

Region: Liaoning Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Guta District, Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province

Protection unit: Jinzhou Xiashi Manchu Craft Development Co., Ltd

Introduction to Manchu embroidery (Jinzhou Manchu folk embroidery)

Applicant: Guta District, Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province

Embroidery is the most distinctive traditional art of Manchu, which has been popular among Manchu people since ancient times. Manchu embroidery is very practical and can be seen everywhere in daily necessities and clothing, among which the pillow top embroidery is the most exquisite. Manchu embroidery absorbs the advantages of Suzhou embroidery, Shu embroidery, Guang embroidery and other famous Han Embroidery, and skillfully integrates them with the aesthetic concepts and living customs of the nation, forming its own character and charm, which shows the ancient and simple folk customs of the Manchu ancestors and the skillful hand spirit of the Eight Banners women. Manchu embroidery materials are mainly yarn or satin fabrics, supplemented by self-woven fabrics and blue and white fabrics. In the layout of the works, the left and right sides should be symmetrical, or they should echo each other equally, or they should be left Green Dragon and right white tiger, or they should be cut and embroidered to make the left and right sides completely consistent. There are many kinds of Manchu embroidery, including birds and animals, flowers, fish and insects, characters and stories, which express the meaning of praying for good luck. The composition of embroidery continues the traditional technical rules of our country, peeling layer by layer, alternating density, achieving "sparse can run horse, dense can't breathe", showing a very high artistic level.

Jinzhou Manchu folk embroidery, commonly known as "needle embroidery", "Zhahua" and "embroidery", has a long history and is mainly popular in the rural areas where Manchu people live in Jinzhou, Liaoning Province. The folk embroidery of Manchu in Jinzhou usually takes homespun cloth as the backing. The embroidery products mainly include tiger head cap, head kerchief, cloud shoulder, dress, belly pocket, shoes and hat, purse, Sachet, curtain, door curtain, quilt cover, pillow top and other practical products for daily life, as well as wedding clothes, birthday tent, banner tent and opera costumes. Jinzhou is located in the corridor of western Liaoning where Manchu and Han Cultures mingle. Therefore, on the one hand, the local Manchu embroidery retains the unsophisticated craft style of real women embroidering with leather, with many specific patterns and contents of Shaman culture, such as "Life Tree", "mammy people" and Manchu myths and legends; on the other hand, it absorbs a large number of Han embroidery skills and literati paintings, such as Lu embroidery in the Central Plains and Suzhou embroidery in the south of the Yangtze River Art nutrition, in the rough style into delicate elements, showing the richness and inclusiveness of local culture. Jinzhou Manchu folk embroidery has a wide range of themes, diverse styles, full of interest and profound implication, which is deeply loved by the local people.