Flower drum lamp (Bengbu flower drum lamp)

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: huagudeng (Bengbu huagudeng)

Applicant: Bengbu City, Anhui Province

Item No.: 109

Project No.: Ⅲ - 6

Time of publication: 2006 (the first batch)

Category: traditional dance

Region: Anhui Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Bengbu City, Anhui Province

Protection unit: Anhui huagudeng song and dance theater Co., Ltd

Introduction to Huagu lamp (Bengbu Huagu lamp)

Applicant: Bengbu City, Anhui Province

Huagudeng is a kind of folk dance of Han nationality, which combines dance, lantern song, music of gongs and drums, plot duet and emotional group dance perfectly. According to historical data, huagudeng originated in Song Dynasty at the latest. After the development of yuan, Ming, Qing and the Republic of China, to the 1930s and 1940s, it formed a distribution area with Bengbu, Huainan and Fuyang in Anhui Province as the center, radiating more than 20 counties and cities in Henan, Anhui, Shandong and Jiangsu provinces in the middle reaches of the Huaihe River.

Flower drum lanterns are usually performed in rural areas from the end of autumn harvest to the spring ploughing next year, especially at temple fairs and spring fairs. The male role of huagudeng is called "gujia", while the female role is called "Lanhua" (or "Lahua"); the performances are mostly held in the square; they generally include four parts: dance, singing, backcourt drama, Gong and drum performance, and the main part is dance; the dance also includes "dahuachang" (or "Dachang"), xiaohuachang (or "Xiaochang") and "Pangu"; Dachang is a kind of collective emotion Xu dance is performed by several people to more than ten people; "Xiaochang" is a duet or three person dance, which mainly shows young men and women's love and play, including basic program performance and improvisation performance. Simple plot and character dance, such as "grab handkerchief" and "grab bench", is the core part of huagudeng dance; "Pangu" is dance, martial arts and skills The combination of performance and the performance form with the characteristics of plastic arts. Backcourt drama is a kind of small song and dance drama combining song and dance, including "four masters sitting in a sedan chair", "push the car", "little peddler" and so on. At present, the performance style of huagudeng is mainly divided into three schools: Yingshang area, slow rhythm, rigorous dance structure, ancient and simple style; Fengtai area, focusing on the emotional portrayal of characters, delicate and beautiful movements; Huaiyuan area, light and vigorous movements, natural and graceful.

Bengbu huagudeng combines dance, dengge and gongs and drums music, perfectly combines the plot double (three) dance and emotional group dance, and forms a relatively systematic and complete folk song and dance art form. This is the most representative folk dance of Han nationality, and also the concentrated embodiment of Huaihe culture in dance. Huagudeng is a combination of artistry, performance and professionalization of artists, with strong folk custom and mass entertainment. For thousands of years, the music, dance and rhythm of huagudeng have preserved the memory of Huaihe people's life, labor, temperament, character, customs and customs, carried the history, social economy and culture of Huaihe River Basin in different periods, and stored the memory of Huaihe people's unique cultural concept, aesthetic taste and folk customs, which has been handed down in a living form.

Bengbu huagudeng contains more than 400 vocabularies and more than 50 basic steps. The dance moves are extraordinary, the time difference is large, and the instantaneous dance posture is complex and changeable. These constitute a rich and systematic dance language system of huagudeng, making it one of the excellent folk dance forms to express complex plots with body language. Dance is the main component of huagudeng, including "dahuachang", "xiaohuachang" and "Pangu". "Dahuachang" is a collective emotional dance, "xiaohuachang" is a lyric dance improvised by two or three people of gujia and Lanhua, which is the core part of huagudeng dance. "Pangu" is a combination of dance, martial arts and skills. It also has the characteristics of plastic arts. The dancing posture and action of huagudeng are very particular about the ingenious combination of putting and closing, moving and static. The rhythm of the action is strong and full of changes. In Bengbu area, a number of famous flower drum lantern artists such as Feng Guopei, Chang Chunli, Zheng Jiuru, Shi Jingli and Yang Zaixian appeared, as well as a number of influential programs such as "spring outing" and "grabbing fans", forming a prosperous situation of "thousands of gongs, drums and hundreds of lanterns".

However, due to various reasons, Bengbu flower drum lamp is on the verge of extinction. The most influential folk artists are old, and the folk inheritance mechanism needs to be re established, so effective protection is urgently needed.