Gaomi New Year picture

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Gaomi Puhui New Year picture

Applicant: Gaomi City, Shandong Province

Project No.: 305

Project No.: Ⅶ - 6

Time of publication: 2006 (the first batch)

Category: traditional art

Region: Shandong Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Gaomi City, Shandong Province

Protection unit: Gaomi Cultural Center

Brief introduction of Gaomi Puhui New Year pictures:

Applicant: Gaomi City, Shandong Province

The Puhui New Year picture in Jiangzhuang, Gaomi City, Shandong Province is also known as "folk freehand painting". When drawing, you first make a draft with charcoal strips fired from willow branches, then use a brush to draw, and then use white paper to make rubbings. One draft can be printed more than one, hence the name "Puhui". The painting after dusting should be hand-painted, and it can only be finished after several processes.

It is said that Puhui New Year pictures were formed in the Chenghua period of the Ming Dynasty. At the beginning, some folk painters copied temple murals for sale. Because copying required a large number of manuscripts, the "Puhui" rubbing method was formed on the basis of the traditional "Pufen" rubbing method of folk mural manuscripts. The biggest difference between "Pufen" and "Puhui" does not lie in the use of materials, but in the fact that "Pufen" uses ready-made powder copies (i.e. samples), while "Puhui" needs to copy the original works first. "Puff powder" is a direct printing, with a print, "Puff ash" is a copy of multiple printing. Because of the process of copying, the New Year picture of Puhui is very good at absorbing various painting factors and modeling styles in the development process, so as to adapt to people's aesthetic taste. In the early Qing Dynasty, the New Year pictures of Puhui absorbed the artistic factors of literati paintings. During the Jiaqing period, the New Year pictures of Yangliuqing in Tianjin and Yangjiabu in Weixian county were absorbed and transformed, gradually forming a new year picture faction with strong local style. During the Xianfeng Period, a large number of new year's painting makers emerged in Gaomi, including two main schools of "Lao Mo painting" and "red goods".

The production characteristics of the new year's pictures made it impossible to break away from the traditional manual painting techniques, which resulted in the characteristics of long production cycle, exquisite technology and limited output. In this way, the new year's pictures could not compete with the new year's pictures technology of plate making and printing, and the whole industry began to decline in Guangxu years. Today, there is no successor in the inheritance of the new year painting technique in Gaomi. As a unique variety of New Year pictures, it reflects the social culture and customs, and preserves the traditional skills of Chinese folk painting. It is necessary to rescue and excavate them.