Hakka Earth Building Construction Techniques

The name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Hakka Earth Building Construction Techniques

Applicant: Nanjing County, Fujian Province

Item No.: 378

Project No.: VIII - 28

Time of publication: 2011 (the third batch)

Category: traditional art

Region: Fujian Province

Type: Extension Project

Applicant: Nanjing County, Fujian Province

Protection unit: Nanjing Tulou Management Committee

Introduction to Hakka Earth Building Construction Techniques:

Applicant: Nanjing County, Fujian Province

Nanjing County in Fujian Province has more than 15000 earth buildings of various types, including more than 1300 large-scale earth buildings, which can be called "earth building kingdom". It has the highest, largest, smallest, most strange, oldest and most spectacular earth buildings. Among them, tianluokeng earth buildings, hekeng earth buildings, Huaiyuan earth buildings and hegui earth buildings are examples of earth building construction. Thousands of earth buildings, like "flying saucers falling from the sky" and "mushrooms growing on the ground", are dotted on the beautiful land of Nanjing, forming a wonderful landscape line, which is known as "the unique mythical mountain village architectural model in the world".

The site selection and construction of Hua'an Tulou are based on the principle of family prosperity and safety, and according to the traditional Chinese geomantic concept. Its architectural design, layout is very scientific, reasonable, practical, systematic, rich in modern home concept. Among them, Eryi building in Dadi village of Xiandu town is the most outstanding representative. It is the first building in Fujian Province to be listed as a national key cultural relic protection unit, and is a world-class architectural treasure.

Tulou construction technology skillfully uses the terrain of the mountain area and the local raw soil, wood, rock and other building materials, which is very economical, extremely strong, defensive and aesthetic. Fujian Tulou not only inherits and innovates the traditional earth building technology, but also inherits the essence of Chinese traditional culture, which is the witness of the cultural tradition of living together.

The earth building is built with the old ramming wall board building tools, which mainly include splint, pestle stick, shovel, big and small clappers and other auxiliary tools. There are strict rules in the selection of soil, proportion mixing, pile treatment, dry humidity control, ramming procedure and wall repair. Carpenters design and process beams. In particular, the rooms of the round building are basically divided equally according to the circumference (in the shape of a dustpan). The carpenter makes the appropriate beam frame according to the situation, which is highly technical.

The ancient rammed earth wall technology is the technical crystallization of the rammed earth slab construction technology in the Central Plains after thousands of years of accumulation and improvement. It is the highest achievement of rammed earth civilization, which can be called a unique architecture.

However, with the development of society, modern architectural models and the replacement of modern materials, the ancient construction technology of Tulou is on the verge of being lost. This ancient technology with important historical significance and modern research value needs to be inherited and protected.