Shandong Luozi

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Shandong Luozi

Applicant: Shan county, Shandong Province

Item No.: 778

Project No.: V - 85

Time of publication: 2008 (second batch)

Category: quyi

Region: Shandong Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Shan county, Shandong Province

Protected by: Shan County Cultural Center

Introduction to Shandong Luozi

Applicant: Shan county, Shandong Province

Shandong Luozi, known as "lianhualuo", is popular in Shandong, Jiangsu and the northern part of Anhui Province. It is also known as "Guangguang book" because it is mainly accompanied by single leaf cymbals and bamboo boards commonly known as "Guangguang". It originated from the "music of scattered flowers" sung by monks in the late Sui and early Tang Dynasties, and evolved into the Song Dynasty when beggars sing. On this basis, the Ming Dynasty produced the narrative lotus fall, which reached its peak after entering the Qing Dynasty.

Shandong luoziqu is simple and unadorned in tone, bold and unconstrained in style, with strong local flavor and local color. Shandong Luozi can be divided into "Nankou", "Beikou" and "Dongkou" according to its popular region, language and singing style. Nankou Luozi is popular in southern and southwestern Shandong, represented by Shan county and surrounding cities and counties, and greatly influenced by flower drum; Beikou Luozi is popular in Northwestern Shandong, and greatly influenced by Shandong Dagu; Dongkou Luozi is popular in Weifang City and Pingdu City to the east of Jinan City.

Shandong Luozi is mainly composed of singing, interlude, plain melody and rough style. The singing is often accompanied by copper cymbals and bamboo boards. Because there is no Orchestra, the singing is more casual. It belongs to the chanting type board cavity, including "adagio", "Zhongban", "Allegro", "Jiban" and "Duozi". Its music mode adopts seven tone elegant music symbol mode scale, bright and frank, Adagio Lyric euphemism, Allegro sonorous and powerful. The lyrics are roughly rhyming, basically seven characters or cross sentences, and the upper and lower sentences are repeated. Shandong Luozi has a rich repertoire. There are more than 60 traditional long works, such as Liu Xiu's going to Guangdong and Guangxi, Zhou Cang's stealing children, and more than 50 short works, such as Huang Guiying's making trouble in Shuangxiong Town, and the biography of sun erniang. Many traditional long and medium repertoires, such as Xue Li's returning home and Yang Xiuying's moving troops, are transplanted from Shandong Qinshu.

The form of Shandong Luozi performance is simple and full of regional characteristics, which has a certain reference value in the research of folk custom, dialect, social history and so on. At present, with the acceleration of the process of modernization, the ancient Shandong Luozi has lost the soil for survival, and is declining day by day, which is in urgent need of protection and inheritance.