Uliger

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: uliger

Declaration area or unit: Horqin Right Wing Middle Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Item No.: 276

Project No.: V - 40

Time of publication: 2006 (the first batch)

Category: quyi

Region: Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Type: new item

Declaration area or unit: Horqin Right Wing Middle Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Protection unit: Keerqin right wing Zhongqi Cultural Center

About uliger:

Declaration area or unit: Horqin Right Wing Middle Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Wuliger is a kind of Mongolian folk art storytelling form, formed in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty, widely spread in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and neighboring Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning provinces.

Wuliger means "Shuoshu" in Chinese. It is also called "Shuoshu" because it is performed in Mongolian. Among the Mongolian people, the Wuliger with Tukou speaking performance without musical instrument accompaniment is called "yabagan Wuliger", also known as "hurui Wuliger"; the Wuliger with Chaoer accompaniment rap performance is called "Chaoren Wuliger"; the Wuliger with Sihu accompaniment rap performance is called "Huren Wuliger". Wu liger's performance with accompaniment instruments is usually one person playing huqin rap. The tunes of singing are rich and colorful, flexible and changeable, among which the more clear functional features are war tune, spouse tune, satire tune, mountain and river tune, road tune, Shangchao tune, etc.

Wu liger's artistic accumulation is very profound. The programs can be divided into short, medium and long ones, especially the long ones, such as the story of the suppression of manggu, the five biographies of Tang Dynasty (i.e. the biography of crying and joy, family photo, Shangyao biography, Qishu biography, qianghu Biography), Kublai Khan, golden history, Western Han Dynasty, the romance of Yuan history, and the romance of Qing history 》"Bai Yinna marshal", "spring and autumn and Warring States", "daxiliang", "beiliao", "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and "a dream of Red Mansions" are among the classics. The themes of uliger's programs come from a wide range of sources, some from folk stories, such as "Sun girl"; some from literati or artists, such as "Romance of the Qing Dynasty"; some from folk narrative poetry, narrative folk songs, such as "gadamelin", "danabala"; some from real-life events, such as "red sun", "harm of tobacco and wine", "red sun" Some of them are adapted from similar forms or literary stories of the Han nationality, such as the romance of the Three Kingdoms, the romance of the gods, and the capture of the seal by Yang Jinhua. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, the new programs edited and performed include "25000 Li Long March", "Liu Hulan", "Huang Jiguang", "heroine Guo Junqing", "prairie children", "Red Detachment of women", "red light", "fighting tiger on the mountain", "Lian Xinsuo", "Jinguang Avenue", "Xisha children", "entrepreneurship", etc.

In history, Wuliger artists who shuttled through Inner Mongolia prairie and Mongolian settlements in Northeast China are brilliant. Famous people include dansennima, baiyinbaoligao, chuobang, Sanbula, sarenmandula, helitengdugur, baitangqi, wuritanastu and siennitu in the Qing Dynasty; Zana, Jinbaoshan, Changming, kuaimang, menggengaolitao, erdunzhu rihe, burenbayar, wendusu, Zamusu and xirebu in the Republic of China; PA since the founding of the people's Republic of China Jie, maoyihan, Zana, Daoerji, kejigawa, Rolls Royce, Baoliang, Laixi, ulijisan, mengbangzhu, Renqin, Shulin, teghibayar, demuxige, Ganzhuer, Yuanbao, Temur Gaole, Mengen Aola and so on are all welcomed by people for their superb performance skills.

In the long-term development and evolution, uliger performances in different popular areas have formed their own characteristics. For example, in Horqin grassland, "Huren Wuliger" is relatively developed, and three different styles of schools represented by Menggen gaolitao, erdunzhu rihe and brnbayar have been formed in history; while Wuliger in Fuxin Mongolian Autonomous County, Liaoning Province, transplanting and writing stories of Han nationality is more common, and has bred new artistic styles such as "Fuxin Mongolian drama".

For the majority of the Mongolian people, Wuliger is not only the main way and means of their cultural life, but also an important educational means for them to learn knowledge and cultivate spirit. In their minds, Wuliger occupies a very important position.

Since the 1980s, many famous artists have died one after another, and there is a serious shortage of new successors. In addition, the lifestyle has changed, and the entertainment methods tend to be diversified. The survival and development of uliger's art tradition is facing crisis. The performance is shrinking day by day, the activity position is lacking, and the team is lack of successors. It is urgent to take effective measures to support and protect it.