Changde silk string

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Changde Sixian

Applicant: Changde City, Hunan Province

Item No.: 263

Project No.: V - 27

Time of publication: 2006 (the first batch)

Category: quyi

Region: Hunan Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Changde City, Hunan Province

Protection unit: Changde Cultural Center

Introduction to Changde Sixian

Applicant: Changde City, Hunan Province

Changde Sixian is an important branch of Hunan Sixian. Because it is the most developed and influential among Hunan Sixian, Changde Sixian has become an independent genre.

Hunan silk string is popular in all parts of Hunan. It is named after its accompaniment with Yangqin, pipa, Yueqin, Sanxian, erhu, Jinghu and other silk string instruments. It was developed by the integration of the tunes from Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces into Hunan and the local folk songs in Hunan. The time was about the early Qing Dynasty. This kind of music is performed in Hunan dialect, and in the spread of Hunan, it has formed many distinctive branches, such as Changde Sixian centered on Changde, Changsha Sixian centered on Changsha, Liuyang Sixian centered on Liuyang, Pingjiang Sixian centered on Pingjiang, Hengyang Sixian centered on Hengyang and Shaoyang Sixian centered on Shaoyang Among them, "Changde Sixian" is the most prosperous.

The traditional performance form of Hunan Sixian, including Changde Sixian, is that many people sit around with dulcimer, Guban, Jinghu, erhu, Sanxian and pipa. There are certain rules for the seat and the position of musical instruments. The so-called "Yangqin vs. Guban, Jinghu vs. erhu, Sanxian vs. Pipa" performance focuses on singing, and there is a dialogue between them. There are four types of Daobai, which are "confession" (the third person), "speaking" (the first person), "dialogue" and "interlocution". Most of the programs are legendary stories such as Romance of the west chamber, second plum blossom and Qin Xianglian. Later, Hunan Sixian stepped onto the high stage and became one or two people singing at the beat of simple board. Many people were accompanied by dulcimer, Guban, Jinghu, erhu, Sanxian and pipa. The programs tended to be short, such as Qiujiang, Zhui Hanxin, XUCE running City, four seasons Acacia, etc.

Hunan Sixian's singing music is rich and colorful. According to the singing style, it can be divided into "brand Sixian" and "Banzi Sixian". Among them, the "Pai Si Xian" is mainly composed of singing tunes. The tunes are very rich, such as "putianle", "qingjiangyin", "yizhihua" and "xiaotaohong" in the northern and southern tunes, the "yinniusi", "jiulianhuan", "daopai oar" and "four sceneries" in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the "lianhualuo" and "Fengyang" in other local tunes and folk songs It is also called anqing tune. "Banzi Sixian" can be divided into "old road" and "Sichuan Road". The "old road" is a popular local singing style in Changde, with deep and profound style. The representative programs include "Xuemei diaoxiao" and "qingfengting". It is said that "Sichuan Road" was handed down by Sichuan artist Wan Bincheng in the early Republic of China, with warm and cheerful style and playful singing. The representative program is "copy red" 》And so on. There are three basic types of "Banzi Sixian" singing: first class, second class and third class.

Changde Sixian has more than 100 traditional repertoires, most of which are based on historical stories and folklore, among which Baoyu wailing, Lu Zhishen hitting the Mountain Gate drunk, shuangxiashan, Wangpo scolding chicken, Zhaojun leaving the fortress are the most famous. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, a number of new repertoires reflecting real life have emerged, such as "many new things", "kua Huolang", "visiting relatives in the wind and snow".

Changde silk string has distinctive local characteristics and local flavor, and has high artistic value. However, due to the lack of professional performing groups since the 1980s, and the death of the older generation of string artists, they are now facing the risk of being lost and need to be rescued and protected.