shaoxing opera

The name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Yue Opera

Applicant: Shanghai

Project No.: 197

Project No.: Ⅳ - 53

Time of publication: 2006 (the first batch)

Category: Traditional Drama

Region: Shanghai

Type: new item

Applicant: Shanghai

Protected by: Shanghai Yueju Art Academy (Shanghai Yueju Academy)

Introduction to Yue Opera:

Applicant: Shanghai

Yueju Opera is popular in Zhejiang, Shanghai, Jiangsu and many other provinces, cities and regions. It originated in Shengxian, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province. In the late Qing Dynasty, on the basis of "singing books on the ground", Yueju Opera absorbed the repertoire, tune and performing arts of Yuyao tanhuang, Shaoxing opera and other operas and operas, and took shape. At that time, it was called "xiaogeban" or "DIDU ban". It was called "Shaoxing Wenxi" when it entered Shanghai in 1916, and developed into "women's Shaoxing Wenxi" performed by actresses after 1930. In 1938, it was renamed Yue opera. Later in the development of further maturity, the formation of a beautiful lyric artistic style.

Yue Opera is a late drama, it is good at absorbing the strengths of others, for my use. The singing style of Yue Opera belongs to banqiang style. In the early stage, the melody was single, and later it was enriched by absorbing other kinds of opera and music. The tunes of Yueju Opera are clear and graceful, beautiful and good at lyricism. They are mainly divided into three categories: Chi tune, Sigong tune and string down tune. Chi tune can be divided into adagio, Zhongban, Lianban, Sanban, Xiaoban, erfan and Liushui tune. The roles of Yue opera can be divided into six categories: Xiaodan, Xiaosheng, Laosheng, clown, laodan and Damian. Among them, Xiaodan can be divided into six categories: Beidan, Huadan, guimendan, Huashan, Zhengdan and Wudan. Xiaosheng can be divided into four categories: scholar, poor student, Guansheng and wusheng. Laosheng can be divided into Zhengsheng and laowai. Clown can be divided into four categories: changshanchou, guanchou, xiaoshanchou and nvchou. The early performance of Yue opera was relatively simple. Later, it used the action program of other operas and extracted some basic actions from life. In 1942, initiated by Yuan Xuefen and others, Yue opera, on the one hand, absorbed the performance methods of drama and film, truly and meticulously depicted the characters' personality and psychological activities; on the other hand, it learned the beautiful dance body and performance formula of Kunqu Opera and Peking Opera, making the external movements more detailed and rhythmic. The organic combination of these two aspects has formed a unique artistic style of combining freehand brushwork and realism in Yue opera performance.

There are many well-known excellent plays in Yue opera, among which the more representative ones are Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai, a dream of Red Mansions, Xianglinsao, Xixiangji, Zhuoyu, Qingtan, panfusuofu, Liuyi biography, biyuzan, sankan Yumei, dajinzhi, yutangchun, pipa, Peacock Flying Southeast, etc.

Stage art is also an organic part of Yue opera. From the early 1930s, Yue Opera began to use three-dimensional scenery, multicolored lighting, sound and oil color make-up with the characteristics of Chinese painting. The clothing style was designed in combination with the plot. On the basis of inheriting the tradition, it learned from ancient ladies' paintings. The style is fresh and natural, and the color and material are soft and elegant. It has made a good development of traditional opera clothing.

In a short period of one hundred years, Yue opera has matured and become a wonderful flower in the garden of Chinese opera. After the founding of new China, Yue Opera quickly spread to East China, Southwest China, North China, Northwest China, Central South China, Northeast China and other places. With the development of foreign cultural exchanges, Yue opera has won some international praise for its typical oriental artistic features. After entering the 21st century, with the diversification of people's spiritual needs and cultural and artistic forms, the survival and development of Yue Opera is in crisis.