Pingju

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Pingju

Applicant: Shenyang City, Liaoning Province

Project No.: 195

Project No.: Ⅳ - 51

Time of publication: 2006 (the first batch)

Category: Traditional Drama

Region: Liaoning Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Shenyang City, Liaoning Province

Protection unit: Shenyang Public Cultural Service Center (Shenyang Cultural Performing Arts Center)

Introduction to Pingju:

Applicant: Shenyang City, Liaoning Province

Pingju, formerly known as Tiao Tiao Xi and Luozi Xi, is also known as pingqiang Bangzi Xi, which was officially named Pingju in 1935. It is popular in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei and Northeast China and has a broad mass base. Around 1910, on the basis of the counterpart "lianhualuo" in luanzhou, Eastern Hebei Province, the vaulting opera artists led by Cheng Zhaocai absorbed the music and repertoire of northeast Errenzhuan, and later absorbed the music and performing arts of Beijing opera, shadow puppet, Dagu, etc., and used a full set of Hebei Bangzi musical instruments in their performances to form the basic style of Pingju, which is a new type of opera In recent years, it has been further developed and improved in practice.

Cheng Zhaocai is the founder and the first playwright of Pingju. His representative works such as "widow Ma opens a shop", "flower as a medium" and "Yang Sanjie complains" have become the classic repertoire of Pingju. In addition, there are a number of representative plays such as Wang Erjie Sifu, An'an songmi, Ma Siyuan's teahouse, little son-in-law, Liu Qiaoer, Xiao erhei's marriage, Qin Xianglian and Du Shiniang. Pingju music belongs to banqiang, including Jianban, Daan ban, Daan ban, Xiaoan ban, sanchui, Daoban, Duoban, Liushui ban and so on. In addition, there are antiphonal tunes. Accompaniment instruments are divided into three categories: Latan, percussion and blowing. Latan includes Banhu, erhu and Sanxian, percussion includes bangu, Digu, Tanggu, Digong and Daguo, and blowing includes flute and suona. Pingju's aria is based on the music of Beijing Opera and Bangzi, which can be divided into male and female tunes. There are many singing schools in female tune.

In the early stage, there were only male and female roles in Pingju. In the process of development, Pingju gradually developed into three professions: Sheng, Dan and Chou. Later, under the influence of Peking Opera and Bangzi, it became Qingyi, Huadan, laodan, Xiaosheng, Laosheng and clown. His performance absorbed the body movements and singing of Bangzi and Peking Opera, but still maintained the characteristics of free and lively folk drama, full of life.

Pingju is the main type of drama in Northeast and North China, and spread to the northwest and southwest areas. It has become a new type of drama which not only contains a deep folk cultural tradition, but also reflects the modern aesthetic consciousness. At the same time, it carries the folk culture of Eastern Hebei, and is deeply concerned by the researchers of drama history and folk history. With the development of the times, the audience of Pingju has decreased sharply, and there is a trend of aging. The influence of Pingju is weakening greatly. We should formulate specific measures to support it.