Han Diao Erhuang

Name of Chinese national intangible cultural heritage: Han Diao Er Huang

Applicant: Ankang City, Shaanxi Province

Project No.: 175

Project No.: Ⅳ - 31

Time of publication: 2006 (the first batch)

Category: Traditional Drama

Region: Shaanxi Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Ankang City, Shaanxi Province

Protection unit: Ankang Mass Art Museum

Introduction to Erhuang in Han tune

Applicant: Ankang City, Shaanxi Province

Han Diao Erhuang, also known as Shan Erhuang and Shan Erhuang, is the second largest drama in Shaanxi, popular in Ankang, Hanzhong, Shangluo, Xi'an, Sichuan, Gansu and Hubei. It originated from the folk songs, pastoral songs and folk songs of Hanjiang River Valley in southern Shaanxi. In the early Qing Dynasty, it was influenced by Qin opera, and absorbed Kunqu Opera, cuqiang, gaopizi and other tunes, combined with local dialects to form an independent vocal opera. Originally, it was accompanied by double flutes, which were made of bamboo, so it was called "Erhuang". In order to distinguish it from "Jing Er Huang", it is also called "Tu Er Huang". There are more than 1200 kinds of Erhuang traditional plays in Ankang alone. 420 of them have been excavated and 517 of them have been turned out. The themes of these plays are mostly drawn from the chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the romance of the Three Kingdoms, the romance of the gods and other historical stories and folklores, among which the representative plays are Wenji bianqin, Hujia Shiba Pai, zhanchiyou, tasting Baicao, huangtiandang, qingfengting, erdumei, dalongpeng, lianghongyu, etc.

In the development of handiao Erhuang, there were many schools such as Ankang, Hanzhong, Shangluo, Guanzhong, etc. His role is divided into ten trades: Mo, Jing, Sheng, Dan, Chou, Wai, Xiao, tie, Fu and ZA. His performance is exquisite and exquisite. His singing is both true and false, melodious and tactful. Sheng and Lao Dan usually sing in real voice, Dan in falsetto, and Jing in tiger voice. Xipi and Erhuang are the main singing styles. Xipi is used to express happy and bright emotions and scenes, while Erhuang is used to express sad and solemn emotions and scenes. They are used alternately according to the needs of the plot, forming sweet and bitter sounds. The accompaniment band used huqin, erhu, Yueqin, Sanxian, Ruan, suona, dizi, trumpet and other musical instruments in the writing field, and yaban, Bangzi, Banggu, Jiangu, gongs and cymbals in the martial arts field. There are many facial makeup styles of Erhuang in Han Opera, which are more exquisite than Beijing Opera and Qin opera. At present, more than 450 facial makeup styles have been collected.

Through research, it is found that Erhuang in handiao came into being earlier, and other kinds of pihuang opera all have their origin with it. It has an important influence on the formation and development of Sichuan Opera, Hui opera and Beijing opera. In recent years, the audience of Erhuang opera in handiao has decreased sharply, the economy is difficult, and it is declining. Professional troupes have been disbanded. At present, only one troupe in Hanbin District of Ankang is still performing, and the only troupe is on the verge of disbanding. In this situation, it is necessary to call for the rescue and protection of this ancient drama as soon as possible.