Tanggula Town, Golmud City, Haixi Mongolian and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province

Tanggulashan town

Tanggulashan Town, belonging to Golmud City, Qinghai Province, is located in the Tuotuo River Basin, the source of the Yangtze River in the southwest of Qinghai Province. Between the town and the center of Golmud, there is Beiluhe Township in the west of Zhiduo County, Yushu prefecture. It is 425 km away from the urban area of Golmud, covering an area of 47800 square kilometers. It is the only administrative town in the source area of the Yangtze River. The town government is located along the Tuotuo River. The past drivers are commonly known as Tuotuo River town (market town rather than administrative town). Tuotuo River is located at the intersection of Tuotuo River and Qinghai Tibet highway. There is tuotuotuo River Station and tuotuotuo River Yangtze River source bridge.

The traditional boundary between Qinghai Province and Tibet is Tanggula Mountain. This Tanggula Mountain area is under the traditional jurisdiction of Qinghai Province. Historically, some areas are low activity areas of Tibetan and Mongolian (between no man's land and ordinary areas). The names of Buqu and gaerqu in this area are Tibetan, while the name of zuerkenwula mountain across the center of this area comes from Mongolian "image" Other areas have been no man's land for a long time (there were more than 600000 square kilometers of no man's land around them at the end of the 20th century, such as Kekexili no man's land, northern Tibet no man's land, Altun Mountain no man's land in Xinjiang), and Wulanwula Lake in Tanggula Mountain Area of Qinghai Province has been assigned to the core circle of Kekexili nature reserve, which used to be no man's land.

In 1956, the Tanggula Mountain Working Committee (county level) was set up to effectively manage the newly built Qinghai Tibet highway and was subordinate to the Qaidam Basin Working Committee. In 1964, in order to facilitate the management and maintenance of the Qinghai Tibet highway, lay the oil pipeline to Tibet and prepare for the construction of the Qinghai Tibet railway, it was transferred to Golmud City.

Remarks: in Anduo County, Tibet, several villages and towns of the nature of Anduo immigration management plate were set up here, such as Yanshiping town. The reason is that the snowstorm in Anduo County in the winter of 1962, and some places of Tanggulashan Township, Zhiduo county and Zaduo County in Qinghai Province were used to help herdsmen tide over the disaster.

Historical evolution

The Qinghai Tibet highway was built in 1950-1954. Yushu prefecture and Zhiduo county were all located in the far south where the traffic was very inconvenient, so it was difficult for them to participate in the management of the northwest artery. At that time, the regime in the nearby Tibetan areas was still in the era of serfdom (the system revolution was carried out in 1959 because the serfdom owners in the Tibetan areas rebelled together and left India), and some aristocrats were disgusted with socialist personal freedom and equality In order to effectively manage this major artery into Tibet and the lifeline of national defense.

In March 1956, the Tanggula Mountain Working Committee (county level) was established. It is located in Tanggula Mountain (namely Wenquan, with an altitude of 5600 meters and 546 kilometers away from Golmud), and is subordinate to the Qaidam Basin Working Committee of Qinghai Province. It should be understood that at that time, it was extremely important to effectively manage this artery to Tibet, because the transportation of materials to Tibet was extremely difficult. Before the completion of the highway, 8000 camels died. For a long time after the completion of the highway, the state of the highway was very low, and the transportation of materials to Tibet was still very difficult, so that the ability could only reach the north of the Yarlung Zangbo River, but could not enter into southern Tibet, and was gradually annexed by India（ India seized southern Tibet step by step from 1950 to 1960 because there was no such resistance as the Chinese garrison there for many years. It can be seen how important it was to effectively manage the main artery into Tibet at that time.

In 1958, the Tanggula Mountain working committee moved northward to the Tuotuo River (4533 meters above sea level, 121 kilometers away from Wenquan and 425 kilometers away from Golmud), which is lower in altitude and closer to Golmud.

In June 1964, the State Council approved the abolition of the Tanggula Mountain Working Committee and changed it into Wuli people's commune, and its administrative region was incorporated into Golmud City. In order to facilitate the effective management of the Qinghai Tibet highway, lay the oil pipeline to Tibet and prepare to build the Golmud Lhasa railway, and soon after the institutional revolution, there was another important factor that worried about threatening the Qinghai Tibet highway and the oil pipeline to Tibet. In the winter of 1962, there was a heavy snow disaster in Anduo County, Tibet. Since 1963, Qinghai Province has lent some western regions to herdsmen in Anduo County for grazing Also worried about the loss of its western region, Tanggula Mountain region into Golmud City can improve the effectiveness of the management of the region.

In July 1980, the Qinghai provincial government issued a document (Qingzheng No. 183) to determine that Golmud City will "take charge of Tanggula Mountain commune in Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture".

In 2005, Golmud City in Qinghai Province abolished Tanggulashan Township and established Tanggulashan town.

In May 2001, the State Council issued the "reply on the division of some sections of the administrative boundary between Tibet Autonomous Region and Qinghai Province and related issues" (Guo Han No. 51), which clearly delineated the direction of the legal boundary between Qinghai and Tibet (basically taking the traditional custom line of the main vein of Tanggula Mountain as the boundary), and confirmed the towns and herdsmen set up in Anduo County of Tibet in Qinghai to the north of Tanggula Mountain It is still under the actual jurisdiction of Tibet.

administrative division

As of 2008, Tanggulashan town has jurisdiction over DORMA village, cuojiama village, Gele village, naoriba village, lachi village, YeGe village and Changjiang source village. ——This refers to the villages and towns in Qinghai Province, which are not related to the immigration management plate established in Anduo County, Tibet. (Note: there are several villages and towns of migration management plate type in Anduo County, Tibet) < / I >

geographical environment

geographical position

Tanggula Mountain town is located in the Tuotuo River Basin, the source of the Yangtze River in the southwest of Qinghai Province. It is adjacent to Kekexili National Nature Reserve in the north, Zhiduo County of Yushu prefecture in the north, and Naqu city of Tibet Autonomous Region in the southwest. It is located at 32 ° 39 ′ - 34 ° 48 ′ N and 89 ° 40 ′ - 92 ° 55 ′ e. it is isolated from the northern slope of Tanggula mountains in the hinterland of Qinghai Tibet Plateau and is far away from Golmud City A town level administrative unit is separated from Golmud City by Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, 425 kilometers away from the urban area of Golmud, covering an area of 47800 square kilometers.

Climatic characteristics

Tanggulashan town is an inland alpine climate zone, and its ecological environment is extremely fragile.

General situation of hydrology

WULANWULA lake and so on. Some lakes belong to the core circle of Hoh Xil Nature Reserve. Tuotuo River Basin, gaerqu River Basin, Buqu River Basin, Dongqu River Basin and so on.

topographic features

Zuerkenwula mountain is located in the central area from east to west, Wulanwula mountain is in the northwest, Tanggula Mountain is in the south. The average altitude is above 4700 meters.

Transportation

highway

Tanggulashan town is the main traffic road from Qinghai Province to Tibet. National Highway 109, Qinghai Tibet railway and Golmud Lhasa oil pipeline run through the town, making the Tuotuo River, where the town government is located, an important post station on the Qinghai Tibet line. After the opening of the Qinghai Tibet highway, the Tuotuo River is the main post station and passing drivers, commonly known as the Tuotuo River town. This town refers to the market town and is the first market town of the Yangtze River. The oil pipeline in the Golmud Lhasa section is also important. In particular, after the opening of the Qinghai Tibet railway, a series of lanes are set up to maintain the railway. It is an important service area on the Qinghai Tibet railway. The transportation service industry (modern transportation industry in a broad sense) has become the main economy Body.

In 2005, the No.4 bus stop in Golmud City extended to the Yangtze River source village. This bus is actually a long-distance bus.

Railway

The Qinghai Tibet railway has nine stations in this town (No.59 station from Xining station, Tuotuohe station to NO.67 station, Tanggula station), which are generally unattended. The well-known stations are Tuotuohe station (along the tuotuotuohe river where the town government is stationed), Tongtianhe station, Yanshiping station and Tanggula station (the entrance to Tibet). There are more than ten tracks on the railway line.

population

By the end of 2013, the total population of Tanggulashan town was 1605, including more than 400 students.

Economics

Animal husbandry

The per capita net income of herdsmen in the town reached 16819 yuan, the livestock stock was 53600, the total growth rate of livestock was 44.3%, the survival rate of young livestock was 90%, the proportion of female livestock was 55.4%, the slaughter rate was 45.2%, and the commodity rate was 40.3%. The mortality rate of livestock was less than 4%, and the survival rate of livestock was more than 80%.

Infrastructure

In 2005, Golmud municipal government invested 1.4811 million yuan to complete the project

The source of the Yangtze River

In 2005, the No.4 bus station in Golmud City extended to the Yangtze River source village, with an investment of 410000 yuan to build the Yangtze River source village bus station. In 2007, the municipal government invested 650000 yuan to build an overpass. Six villages in the pastoral area were connected with 30 kilometers of gravel roads and six bridges (one in each village, of which no bridge was built in lachi Village).

social undertakings

Service industry

Along the Tuotuo River, where Tanggulashan town government is located, there are Tuotuo River teaching point, health center (7 employees), veterinary station (5 employees) and police station (3 policemen). There are also four garrison units, such as military stations, machinery companies, oil pump stations and armed police, and four other units, such as meteorological stations, hydrological stations, transportation stations and railway stations. Now there are more than 80 self-employed businesses in Tuotuohe area, such as restaurants, hotels and canteens, with a permanent resident population of about 1000.

education

There is one school in the town (Yangtze River source ethnic school) with Tuotuohe teaching point. There are 30 on-the-job teaching staff (7 employed), and the school has 14 teaching classes, with a total of 436 students (29 teaching students).

coal mine

Tanggulashan town government is located in Kaixinling coal mine near the southwest of Tuotuo River to serve transportation and local animal husbandry.

reserve

Wulanwula Lake in the south of the core area of Hoh Xil Nature Reserve belongs to Tanggula Mountain town.

Qinghai Tibet boundary

Demarcation of boundary

The administrative boundary between Qinghai and Tibet, including the boundary between Tanggulashan town and Anduo County in Qinghai Province, is subject to the survey in 2001