Pingbian Yi nationality township, Pingshan County, Yibin City, Sichuan Province

Pingbian Yi nationality township

Pingbian Yi nationality township is located in the west of Pingshan County, at the junction of three cities (prefectures) (Leshan City, Yibin City, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture) and three counties (Pingshan County, Mabian County, Leibo County). It is one of the main passageways in and out of Daliangshan and one of the only two Yi Nationality Towns in the city. The township covers an area of 93.88 square kilometers. It has jurisdiction over 7 villages, 63 villager groups (including 25 minority groups) and a total population of 8410 (2017). The annual climate is humid, the annual precipitation is 1200-1300 mm, the frost free period is 300 days, the average annual temperature is 14-16 ℃, the selenium rich soil, and the three-dimensional climate is obvious. The natural conditions are bad, with an altitude of 600-1300 meters. It belongs to the middle and small Liangshan mountains, with a forest coverage rate of 51%. Xining and Pingbian Township run through the whole territory from south to north. The territory is rich in water, tea, bamboo and wood resources, and has great potential for development.

climate

The annual climate is humid, the annual precipitation is 1200-1300 mm, the frost free period is 300 days, the average annual temperature is 14-16 ℃, the selenium rich soil, and the three-dimensional climate is obvious. The natural conditions are bad, with an altitude of 600-1300 meters. It belongs to the middle and small Liangshan mountains, with a forest coverage rate of 51%. Xining and Pingbian Township run through the whole territory from south to north. The territory is rich in water, tea, bamboo and wood resources, and has great potential for development.

Historical evolution

Shawanxun Township, xinxitang Township and maliutang Township were set up in the Qing Dynasty, belonging to Manyi township; in 1930, the village group of tearing Li Township was set up; in 1938, Xiaxi township was set up; in 29, the village was managed by kangjianken society; in 35, Pingbian township was built. After liberation, it was still Pingbian Township and used to be the residence of the Fifth District. In 1958, Xiaxi and Yuxi were merged into Pingbian people's commune. In 1961, Xiaxi and Yuxi were divided into commune. In 1984, it was renamed as Pingbian Yi township.

Economic situation

In 2015, the GDP of the township was 89.1 million yuan, with a year-on-year increase of 6.6%. The investment in fixed assets was 18.305 million yuan, the tax revenue was 700000 yuan, the per capita disposable income of urban residents was 18772 yuan, with an increase of 7.7%. The per capita disposable income of rural residents was 9097 yuan, with an increase of 9.6%. The per capita net income of farmers was 7409 yuan, with a net increase of 885 yuan. The grain output was 3121.2 tons, the fruit output was 102 tons, the vegetable output was 6350 tons, and the tea output was 4.6% 50 tons, fiscal revenue of 7.32 million yuan, a decrease of 5.5%, and fiscal expenditure of 5.45 million yuan, a decrease of 9.1%.

infrastructure

It is 292km away from Chengdu and 130km away from Pingshan new county. Lexi highway runs through Pingbian from north to south. Tongcun Tongzu highway includes Tangwan highway, Maliu zhucaotou highway, moziyan highway, Erping highway, Qinglong Gaojiashan highway, Qinglong village highway and Linchang village highway. In 2015, it invested 13.04 million yuan to harden 20.13 kilometers of roads in Pingbian, jieji, Maliu and Qinglong villages, build 12 kilometers of industrial roads, build 2 convenient bridges (zaogutian vehicular bridge in Pingbian village and Millennium Bridge in Maliu Village), build 48 new Yi villages, rebuild 40 new Yi villages, rebuild 196 dilapidated houses, build 2 Huangjueping settlements and pujiawan settlements, and build 1 torch square for Yi people.

social undertakings

There are Pingbian ethnic school, Pingbian central school, 4 village primary schools and 6 Yi teaching sites in the township. There are 55 teachers (including 11 substitute teachers) and 19 Yi teachers (including 6 substitute teachers). The ethnic school is a boarding school, offering junior and primary school courses. We are planning to expand the project, and now we have set up a project with an investment of 800000 yuan. The central school offers primary school courses. The teachers in the teaching sites are all substitute teachers of Yi nationality. In recent years, with the continuous improvement of the county's education "two basics", the school running conditions of the township have been greatly improved, and the popularity has been significantly improved, including 4 kindergarten classes and 6 junior middle school classes. There are 78 teaching staff, 1385 students in primary and secondary schools, including 796 minority students. We have completed the construction of student canteens in central school and southern school, and completed the planning and design of student sports ground and land acquisition in central school.

Public welfare

There are 6988 participants in the new rural cooperative medical insurance, 396 in the civil administration, 593280 yuan in the cooperative payment, 2690 in the rural endowment insurance, 236200 yuan in the payment, 372 in 195 households of the rural minimum living insurance, 719093 yuan in cash, 11 in 7 households of the urban minimum living insurance, 42287 yuan in cash, 51 in 44 households of the rural five living insurance, 233550 yuan in cash, 431877 yuan in cash in various relief. There are 1 Township Health Center, 7 village medical stations, 18 public medical personnel and 15 patient observation beds. In 2015, 107 people were born in the township, the birth rate was 11.43 ‰, the fertility rate was 75.70%, the natural growth rate was 5.02 ‰, the social maintenance fee was 229500 yuan, the number of pre pregnancy eugenics examination was 71, and 149 cases of contraceptive measures were implemented. We promised to apply for 26 pairs of one-child birth service certificates, strengthened the work of "Three Combinations" of family planning, implemented the Department's assistance responsibility, and completed 30 assistance tasks, and implemented 2 "three in home" demonstration villages, 2 demonstration compound and 3 demonstration households. Seven villages in the township are electrified, and 100% of them are connected with television, telephone and Internet.

Local Customs

Folk customs: the Yi people in Pingbian township are commonly known as "Nuosu", whose language belongs to "Yinuo" in Yi language. The dress belongs to the big trouser leg dress (the trouser leg of a man can be divided into big, medium and small trouser legs). The characters and customs are the same as those of the Yi people in Xiaoliangshan. Most of the Yi literature is folk oral literature, which is spread in the form of poetry. Among them, proverb poetry is a kind of Yi poetry with strong national style, which is called "Er Bi Er Ji". Yi people do not believe in religion, but only worship bimo culture. They ask Bimo (the one who preaches the Scriptures) to hold ghost worship and pray for the safety and happiness of the whole family. Good at wrestling, good at singing and dancing. The Yi people use the Taiyang calendar, which is the Yi calendar. There are only 10 months in a year. The October of the lunar calendar is the Yi new year. To celebrate the new year, we should kill the pig, drink the water soaked wine (made from corn or buckwheat, which is yellowish brown), visit each other, sing and dance for three days and three nights. Yi People's houses are generally divided into three rooms. The middle room is dug into a fire pond, and three stones are planted around the pond to form the tripod feet. The pot on the tripod is called "Guozhuang", which is the center of family activities. The Yi people worship fire very much and never bury fire ashes with soil without any reason. They are taboo to spray water on the fire pond. Every year, June 24 of the lunar calendar is the torch festival of the Yi people. Yi people kill livestock with unique characteristics, such as: killing chicken is to pinch chicken's neck to death, killing sheep is to press and hold several people to twist their heads to make sheep suffocate, killing cattle is to beat their heads with axes or sticks to death, only pigs and goats are killed with knives. Yi people kill pigs without scalding their hair, burn them with fire, do not eat raw meat, and do not eat dog meat. Yi people are clever and skillful, and they weave felt clothes with wool, which is called "rub ear tile". A man's hair style is usually called "zi'er" (Bodhisattva in the Han Dynasty), with a black turban wrapped around his head, which is called "o'tie". The "o'tie" is wrapped with a conical shape and inserted obliquely in front of his forehead, which is called "zi'tie". He wears his left ear and big trouser legs. Yi girls wear ears and earrings. Women's skirts, known as "hundred fold skirts" in Han Dynasty, are made of three different colors of cloth. When a young girl reaches the age of 15 or 17, she will choose an auspicious day to hold a grand adult dress changing ceremony. She will put on a hundred fold skirt and clothes worn by an adult woman to congratulate her on becoming an adult. Young women's clothes are colorful. Their tops are mostly made of red velveteen or black velveteen. Their collars, cuffs and hems are inlaid with colorful gold lace and patterns. Their tops are still made of coil buttons. Middle aged women are mainly in blue, gray, purple and cold colors. When a young girl is unmarried, she wears a "thousand layer top" made of green cloth. Married queen women wear silver inlaid "Val" for traditional dress. Yi people like gold and silver and often wear gold and silver jewelry. The funeral was very ceremonious. Cattle and sheep were slaughtered. In some cases, dozens of cattle and sheep were cremated. Mourning is a unique custom of the Yi nationality. Relatives and friends surround the dead to praise their great achievements in life, their character, personality, social behavior, and their contribution to society and family. Their singing is tactful and touching, and their lyrics are sad and thrilling. When people listen to them, they all burst into tears.

Torch Festival

Torch Festival is an ancient traditional festival of Yi, Bai, Naxi, Jinuo, Lahu and other ethnic groups. It has profound folk cultural connotation and is known as "Oriental Carnival". Different nationalities hold torch festivals at different times. Most of them are held on June 24 of the lunar calendar. The main activities include bullfighting, sheep fighting, chicken fighting, horse racing, wrestling, song and dance performance, beauty pageant, etc. In the new era, Torch Festival is endowed with new folk functions and forms. for the Yi people, there is such a legend: a long time ago, there was a Hercules named sraabi in the sky and a Hercules named atilaba on the ground. Both of them had the strength to pull up mountains. One day, sraab was going to wrestle with attiraba, but attiraba had something urgent to go out. When he left, he asked his mother to serve sraab with a plate of discus. Sraab thought that since she ate discus, she must have great strength, so she left quickly. When she came back, she heard that sraab had just left, so she caught up with him and wanted to have a wrestling match with him. As a result, sraab was killed. The God of heaven, enteguz, was so angry that he sent a large number of locusts and moths to eat the crops on the ground. opioid