Pizhou City, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province

Pizhou, or "Pi" for short, is a city under the jurisdiction of Xuzhou City, which was called Liangcheng, piguo, xiapi and Pixian in ancient times. It is located at the junction of Jiangsu and Shandong Province, connecting Xinyi City in the East, Tongshan district and Jiawang District of Xuzhou City in the west, Suining County in the South and Lanling County of Shandong Province in the north. In 1992, the county was set up as a city.

Pizhou has a long history. The dadunzi cultural site is 6000 years ago, which is one of the earliest origins of Jiangsu civilization. There are scenic spots such as Aishan scenic spot in Pizhou City, Shagou Lake Metasequoia Park, national ginkgo Expo Park and xiaoluobotou Memorial Hall. The city spirit of Pizhou is "innovation, competition, openness and inclusiveness".

The development goal of Pizhou is to be an important water and land transportation hub, a new industrial and Trade City in the East Longhai Industrial belt, and an ecological livable city with water characteristics and historical and cultural heritage along the Beijing Hangzhou canal.

In July 2019, Pizhou was selected as the pilot county (District) of the national intellectual property project. In 2019, Pizhou ranks 37th among the top 100 counties and cities in China in terms of comprehensive strength, 40th in terms of economic competitiveness, 18th in terms of investment potential, 33rd in terms of green development, 36th in terms of scientific and technological innovation, and 51st in terms of new urbanization quality.

Historical evolution

Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties

Xia: in the 21st century B.C., Yu was divided into nine states, and PI (P ī) was the city of Xuzhou; Yu was appointed the chief official of Che, Xi Zhong was the Marquis, lived in Xue (Xuecheng, Shandong), and then moved to pi to establish Pi state. In the seventh year of Zhongkang, the king of Xia Dynasty, Hou Yi made trouble, and the prince relied on the help of Pihou to drive out Hou Yi and ascended the throne. Han Jian killed the emperor and took control of the Xia government, and the state of PI died.

Shang: in the 16th century BC, sun Zhongyou, the 12th emperor of Xi Zhong, helped Shang Tang to destroy Xia Jie and was granted the title of deputy prime minister. He lived in Xue, built the state of PI and governed the land of PI. In the first year of the reign of emperor wairen of Shang, the state of PI united with the present state of Yi to rebel against Shang. In the third year of Yijia, Peng Bo conquered the state of PI.

Zhou: in the 11th century BC, PI belonged to Qingzhou, the territory of Xu state. In the second year of Chengwang, Xu Yanren rebelled against Zhou Dynasty. Chengwang ordered his uncle to fight against Xu Yanren. The next year, Xu Yanjun was killed and moved to pugu (now the north of Suining County) to drive Xu people to Haiyu. In the sixth year of King Mu (about 10th century BC), Xu Zisheng rebuilt the state of Xu, known as king Yan. In the 13th year of King Mu, King Xu Yan led the Jiuyi people to revolt against Zhou Dynasty. King Mu ordered his father to attack Xu. King Yan was defeated and returned to the foot of Dongshan mountain in Wuyuan (Yisu mountain in Daizhuang township of Pizhou). King Yan died and granted his son Zong to continue to take charge of the land. 512 BC, Wu miexu, Pidi belongs to Wu. In 473 BC, the more Wu was destroyed, the more Pidi belonged to Yue; in the next year, the more Huaibei was given to Chu, the more Pidi belonged to Chu. In 468, Wei took the place of Huaibei in Chu, and PI belonged to Wei. Wei merged PI Xue and renamed it Xuzhou. In the first 300 years, Qi took Wei, while Xuzhou and Pidi belonged to Qi.

The Qin Dynasty

In 221 BC, the Qin Dynasty unified the six states and set up a county in Pi county, which is called xiapi County in history.

Han Dynasty

Western Han Dynasty: in 202 BC (the fifth year of emperor Gaodi of Han Dynasty), Hanxin was granted the title of xiapi (now Gupi Town, Suining County) by the king of Chu. In the following year, the name of Hanxin king was abolished, and Liu Jiao was granted the title of King yuan of Chu, ruling Pengcheng. Xiapi is divided into Wuyuan (now North of Sikou in Pizhou), Liangcheng (now North of chenlou in Pizhou) and xiapi, which is subordinate to Chu. In the first 200 years (the seventh year of emperor Gaodi of Han Dynasty), Wei Buhe was granted the title of Marquis of Wuyuan and ruled Wuyuan; in the first 142 years (the second year of emperor Jingdi of Han Dynasty), Wei Buhe was imprisoned, and Wuyuan still belonged to Chu. Xiapi and Liangcheng belong to Donghai County. In 117 B.C. (the sixth year of Wushou reign of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty), linhuai county was established. Xiapi and Liangcheng belonged to linhuai county. In 106 B.C. (the fifth year of Yuanfeng reign of Emperor Wu), there were 13 Cishi departments. The three counties of Wuyuan, Liangcheng and xiapi belonged to the Cishi Department of Xuzhou. Liu Wende was granted the title of Marquis of Liangcheng in June of 82 B.C. (the fifth year of the first Yuan Dynasty of emperor Zhao of Han Dynasty). It was said that the Marquis of the Five Dynasties was cancelled. Liangcheng was divided into counties and still belonged to the Department of governor of Xuzhou. In the 9th year (the first year of Wang Mang's founding), xiapi was changed to run Jian, Liangcheng to Chenghan, Wuyuan to leting, and the three counties belonged to Xuzhou.

Eastern Han Dynasty: in August of 29th year (the fifth year of Emperor Guangwu's founding), Emperor Guangwu conquered Pengcheng and xiapi, and Wu Han conquered Tancheng, so he set up Xuzhou governor department in Tancheng and led xiapi county. Xuangaixiapi county is linhuai County, xiapi and Liangcheng belong to linhuai County, and Wuyuan belongs to Pengcheng county. In 72 (the 15th year of emperor Yongping of the Han and Ming Dynasties), linhuai county was abolished, xiapi state was established, xiapi was ruled, and 17 counties were led: xiapi, Liangcheng, Xu county (Xucheng town of Suining), Tong County (northwest of Suining), Suiling (northeast of Suining), Xiaxiang (Suqian), Huaiyin (today's Huaiyin City), huailing (north of Huaiyin), huaipu (southeast of Huaiyin), Xuyi (northwest of Xuyi), Gaoshan (West of Huaiyin) and pan Qi (Suqian North), Quwu (Suining North), Dongcheng (Xuyi East), Quyang (Suqian West), Siwu (Xinyi City), Xiaqiu (Peixian East). Wuyuan still belongs to Pengcheng state. In 193 (the fourth year of the reign of emperor Xiandi of the Han Dynasty), Tao Qian was appointed as a herdsman in Xuzhou and ruled xiapi (now Gupi Town, Suining County). Que Xuan, a native of xiapi, gathered thousands of people to fight against Tao Qian. Cao Cao killed Tao Qian and appointed Liu Bei as the herdsman of Xuzhou. He ruled xiapi and ordered Zhang Fei to guard it. In 196 (the first year of Jian'an of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty), Lu Bu attacked Zhang Fei and got xiapi, calling himself the governor of Xuzhou. The next year, Cao Cao and Liu Bei broke through xiapi and captured Lv Bu in baimenlou (now Gupi Town, Suining County). In 199 A.D. (the fourth year of Emperor Xian's Jian'an), Liu Bei killed chezhou, the governor of Xuzhou, captured PI, and ordered Guan yushouzhi to take his place as the prefect. The next year, Cao Cao attacked xiapi, Guan Yu subdued Cao, and xiapi entered Wei.

Three Kingdoms period

In the early Wei Dynasty, Xuzhou was moved to Pengcheng and xiapi county. Xiapi and Liangcheng belonged to xiapi County, while Wuyuan belonged to Pengcheng county.

Jin Dynasty

Western Jin Dynasty: in 280 (the first year of emperor Taikang of Jin Dynasty), xiapi state was set up, and seven counties were led: xiapi, Liangcheng, Ling (east of Suining), Suiling, Xiaqiu, Quwu and Tong; Wuyuan belonged to Pengcheng state.

Eastern Jin Dynasty: in 326 (the first year of Xianhe, Emperor Cheng of Jin Dynasty), Liu Min, the governor of Jimin, killed xiapi NEISHI, Xiahou Jiajiang shile, xiapi entered Zhao, and changed to xiapi county. In 358 (the second year of emperor Mu's promotion), he served as commander-in-chief of beizhonglang in the five prefectures of Xijian, including Xu, Gung, Qing, Ji and you; Xu Gung, the governor of the two prefectures, led PI, and PI entered the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

Northern and Southern Dynasties

Song Dynasty: in 420 (the first year of the Yongchu reign of Emperor Wu of the Song Dynasty), Liu Yu established the Song Dynasty. In the next year, he set up xiapi county and led piling, and the southern Pengcheng prefect led Wuyuan. In 460 (the fourth year of the Ming Dynasty of emperor Xiaowu of the Song Dynasty), he set up the governor of xiapi and led the orders of xiapi, Liangcheng and Tongling.

The northern and Southern Dynasties and the Northern Wei Dynasty: in 525 (the first year of Xiaochang, Emperor Xiaoming of Wei Dynasty), it was set up in Eastern Xuzhou to govern xiapi.

Liang in the southern and Northern Dynasties: in 533 (the fifth year of Emperor Wudi's zhongdatong reign), Lan Bao, the leader of Jianyi city in the Northern Wei Dynasty, killed Cui Xiang, the governor of Xuzhou in the East, descended Liang, and set up Liang to rule xiapi in Wuzhou.

The southern and Northern Dynasties and the Eastern Wei Dynasty: in 550 (the eighth year of Wuding, Emperor Xiaojing of Wei Dynasty), the eastern Xuzhou was restored to govern xiapi. Four counties, 16 counties. Xiapi County: xiapi, Liangcheng, Tong, fangting (West of Suining), zayuan (Suqian), guizheng (sub xiapi) 6 counties. Wuyuan Prefecture jurisdiction: Wuyuan, Kaiyuan (good city), Aishan (Aishan area) 3 counties. In this year, Emperor Wenxuan of the Northern Qi Dynasty received Wei Chan and Pidi entered the Northern Qi Dynasty.

Southern and Northern Dynasties: in 575 (the seventh year of the Taijian reign of emperor Xuandi of Chen), Chen's general Fan Yi conquered xiapi in the Northern Qi Dynasty, and Chen changed his name to Anzhou in the eastern Xuzhou.

Northern and Southern Dynasties and Northern Zhou Dynasty: in 579 (the first year of Xuandi Dacheng of Northern Zhou Dynasty), Chen's land of Xuzhou and Huainan disappeared in the Northern Zhou Dynasty. In the Zhou Dynasty, Anzhou was changed to Pizhou, leading two counties of Pizhou and guizheng, and abolishing three counties of Aishan, Kaiyuan and Wuyuan.

Sui and Tang Dynasties

Sui Dynasty: in 607 (the third year of Yangdi's Daye reign), xiapi county was established and led by Suyu (Suqian), Xiaqiu, Xucheng (now sihongbei), Huaiyang (now huaiyinbei), xiapi, Liangcheng and Tancheng (now Tancheng county). Abolish guizheng county.

Tang Dynasty: in 621 (the fourth year of Wude of Gaozu), Pizhou was set up and three counties, PI, Liangcheng and Tancheng, were led. It belongs to Xuzhou general manager's office. In 628 (the first year of Taizong Zhenguan), Pizhou was abolished and xiapi county was set up; in Tancheng and Liangcheng counties, Huaiyang of Sizhou entered xiapi and was subordinate to Sizhou. In 809 (the fourth year of Yuanhe reign of Xianzong), xiapi was established in Xuzhou.

Five Dynasties period

From 907 to 960 ad, xiapi County belonged to the Wuning army and was subordinate to Xuzhou.

Song Dynasty

In 982 ad (the seventh year of Taizong's Taiping reign), Huaiyang army was set up to govern xiapi. Lead next PI, Suqian 2 counties, belong to Jingdong road.

Jin Dynasty

In 1129 ad (the seventh year of Emperor Taizong's Tianhui), the governor of Pizhou was set up and led by xiapi, Lanling and Suqian. It belongs to Shandong West Road. In 1215 ad (the third year of Zhenyou reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Jin Dynasty), Pizhou was attached to Henan road. In 1221 ad (the fifth year of Emperor Xuanzong of Jin Dynasty), Mongolia was ordered to move Shandong Province to Pizhou.

Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties

Yuan Dynasty: in the early years of the Yuan Dynasty, xiapi, Lanling and Suqian entered Pizhou. In 1271 ad (the eighth year of the reign of emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty), Pizhou was attached to guide Prefecture. In 1275 ad (the 12th year of the reign of emperor Shizu to the Yuan Dynasty), Suining and Suqian counties were established, which belonged to Huaian Prefecture and belonged to Pizhou. In 1278 ad (the 15th year of the Yuan Dynasty), Pizhou led the three counties of PI, Suqian and Suining, still belonging to Huai'an Prefecture. In 1290 ad (the 27th year of the Yuan Dynasty), Pizhou was under the jurisdiction of Henan xingzhongshu province. In 1348 (the eighth year of emperor Shundi Zhizheng of the Yuan Dynasty), Xuzhou was promoted to the office of general manager, and PI, Su (Suxian County, Anhui Province), Tengzhou (Tengzhou, Shandong Province) and Yi (Yi County, Shandong Province) were subordinate to it.

Ming Dynasty: in the early years of Hongwu, Emperor Taizu of Ming Dynasty, Pizhou was attached to Fengyang Prefecture. In 1382 ad (the 15th year of Hongwu of Taizu), Pizhou belonged to Huai'an Prefecture and still led Suqian and Suining counties. Change Geyi mountain to Yi mountain.

Qing Dynasty: in 1644 ad (the second year of Shunzhi reign of emperor Shizu of the Qing Dynasty), it was established in Jiangnan province (now Jiangsu and eastern Anhui), and Pizhou was subordinate to Huai'an Prefecture. Jiangning chief secretary was set up to manage the people's tax. In 1661 A.D. (the 18th year of Shunzhi reign of Shizu), there was a left and right chief secretary in Jiangnan Province, who was in charge of Pizhou people's Fu. In 1664 ad (the third year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi), Jiangbei was set up to manage Pizhou people's Fu. In 1666 ad (the fifth year of Kangxi), Pizhou was ruled by Huai'an Prefecture in Jiangnan province. The next year, Jiangnan Province set up Jiangsu Province and Jiangsu Province